THE BREAK-UP OF THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE 1918-1923
This exhibit documents through contemporary postal material the history of the disintegration of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire into rump Austria and Hungary as well as the creation of several new successor states in Czechoslovakia, Poland and the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and the augmentation of other neighboring countries, i.e. Italy and Romania. In a number of cases, disputes arose over specific territories, which either became subject to plebiscites and/or precipitated military conflicts before the final boundaries could be settled. In most cases, postal services remained in transition for some considerable period. Initially, the new governments continued to use the stamps of the old monarchy; then provisional overprints -- official, local or private -- were introduced; and, finally, definitives were produced reflecting the new political order.
As shown in the plan of the exhibit on the next page, the material is laid out geographically, extending from west to east. The story starts with the residual Austria and Hungary and their associated territories in the west and ends up with the Balkan states and Ukraine on the south and east. A reasonable selection of military mail is included in order to give a more complete story of the changes which occurred, but much of the material shown illustrates civil mail services of the various authorities, often
in disputed, occupied and annexed areas.
CARTE POSTALE ©ORRESPONDANCE - | ADRESS
Im p.
Ph ot .“
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54,
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de
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ay
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fs —
AT nin roe
leh Phewricg P| Postcard sent by member of the German-Austrian Delegation negotiating the Treaty of St.
Germain following the end of World War I. Under the treaty, Austria was required
to give up all non-German speaking territories, and 5 million ethnic Germans were forced to live under foreign mule in Sudetenland and the South Tirol.
The theme of the exhibit, of course, is to trace the events following the collapse of the dual monarchy and to review the various new postal regimes created in the different corners of the former empire. Many of these changes proved to be relatively temporary themselves in that a little more than 20 years later, the stability of Central Europe was again subject to great turmoil in the period immediately preceding and during World War II.
THE PHILATELIC EFFECTS OF THE BREAK-UP OF THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE - PLAN OF EXHIBIT
Remainder Austria and Hungary: Free City Created: 1. GERMAN AUSTRIA 5. FIUME 2. HUNGARY New Nations Created:
Countries Enlarged: 6. CZECHOSLOVAKIA 3. ITALY 7. SERB, CROAT & SLOVENE KINGDOM 4. ROMANIA 5 8. POLAND
a
Wy CG raw
Frcs Ww i &
a) Mit Kgl
§, Malcuit, phot. A Paris
Postcard sent by member of the Hungarian Delegation negotiating the Trianon Treaty
(named after the Trianon palace at Versailles where the document was signed). Under the treaty, Hungary was required to give up-all non-Magyar territories
and 3 million ethnic Hungarians were forced to live under foreign rule.
GERMAN-AUSTRIA
As World War I ended, the Hapsburg Empire began to break up even before the Austro-Hungarian army was
defeated in the field. On 30 October 1918, the German-speaking members of the Parliament proclaimed the state
of German-Austria, without specifying the form it should take. When Emperor Karl renounced his rights to
govern on 11 November, German-Austria was declared a Republic the following day.
Wien Forerunners 4
: . 31 October 1918
Abanoders Feldkirch
desilatel : “Nadawéat 27 December 1918 Tecnamanit : Mitrente: PoS l:atel};
wat PoSitaé: we Prescatator:
fy Ae
Postage-free card sent to a fieldpost station on the day after German-Austria was created. In the chaotic
conditions at the end of the war, it could not be
delivered and was returned to sender.
re
5 7 ?
The stamps of the Monarchy continued to be valid for postage in the Republic for an extended period of time.
generally for two years until 31 October 1920. They were accepted either on their own or in mixed franking with
German-Austria overprints and definitives.
AUSTRIA
Local Issues
are er emer rn
TT ee ee ee 8
Local overprint depicting the Tirolian Eagle on postal card and additional stamp used to
pay registration at Innsbruck.
Knittelfeld
14 December 1918
Innsbruck
4 January 1919
Two values of
the Knittelfeld
locals used on cover were not canceled because the post office was aware that they would not be
accepted upon arrival in Graz.
In the aftermath of defeat, central authority was undermined and conditions remained abnormal for some period. Desiring to recognize the change in circumstances, some local authorities devised Overprints to blot out the imperial symbols on the stamps. Two such cases are illustrated above.
GERMAN-AUSTRIA Provisional Overprints
Wiel
Aa SIZ
NN
r e e V e r e e e e
eye ft.
—
C u m ~ ~ ?
: R taasioaak °
[ity 1794
water 19 Dee 1°. 5 = ;
ee ER cate nee tee iad ed feed infos eee Ries os
Imperial pneumatic postal card uprated from original 38 heller denomination to 70 heller due to increase in postage. Sent by tube from the Railway Administration to Central Telegraph Office.
wt
rh e
Innsbruck
23 April 1919
Wien
5 August 1919 19 February 1920
Imperial postal card uprated by 30 heller in mixed issues for registration to Bavaria
Hbege
kee
valecollecslotatte BP ai =
a
% 2
es ° ° e 3 e
e e ° ° e °
>
Let Yoo ot elon Wore
Petlone tT SOC
I I e
R e
o e
a a: . ‘a a8 ay
re LE bien Qs ere : =
. 3 -» \ . Nadeh - Vedi - Ansiul
vr %
. 3
T A I N E N O N T a P e e
P O I \ \ ‘
O R L P O L D O D
Ob h e l e n
A P Y f e r r y
Bo
% a 4 s 4 y 4
German-Austria stamp paid postal increase on similarly overprinted letter card.
The first stamps issued by the Republic were imperial issues overprinted “Deutschosterreich (German-Austria).” These were issued as production permitted, with the the 20 heller value becoming available in December 1918, followed by others out through June 1919. In all, 19 regular postage. 3 special delivery and 5 newspaper stamps
were overprinted. As with the unoverprinted issues, the provisionals were valid for postage until 31 October 1920.
a
g e
SI a ane gee
GERMAN-AUSTRIA Linz First Definitives 3 September 1919
ee er ene me mer £ ¢
Achenkirch 23 September 1920
Multiple franking of 20 heller on registered letter to Berlin. It was marked "refused" by postal contro] in Dresden.
Four-color franking on letter to Bavaria. It was inspected by two of the currency
1d EQ '
e
7 3B WSS control authorities cc 3 in Germany. with + ae DY RRS two different labe!s oe as being applied. oO} se
Mp yi d) )
Re l
A p o ?
T e n e
S E S E
a g e ,
‘6 1
a&
In July 1919 the first definitive stamps inscribed "German-Austria" were issued. The values through 1 krone depicted a posthor, the arms of the republic, and a symbolic planting of atree. This series. was valid for postage through 31 July 1922.
AUSTRIA Bad Ischl First Regular Postage & Airmails 11 May 1922
Alt Aussee
25 August 1922
Wien
31 October 1922
Mixed franking of Austria and
German-Austria.
e d .
t ‘
an ge n)
U
e
First day cover of Republic air mail
stamps.
rc. 2m ot
tes
Andrassy ut.4&
When the Treaty of St. Germain was signed, it officially ended the First World War for Austria. A provision in
the treaty banned the unification of Germany and Austria without approval by the League of Nations and led the
Allies to demand that the new state not be called German-Austria. Eventually, the name was changed, and stamps
issued from January 1922 on (a period of considerable inflation) were inscribed simply "Austria."
AUSTRIA Salzburg Plebiscite
& ts ay SRR Rey, pi ee me : ree Cle.
Salzburg 21 May 1921 29 May 1921
Ojfizielle Abftimmungskarte Ausserfeld --r~erausgegeben und gu, dezieben oom Ubftimmypasay fcbuh 8 June 1921 ais : an o
ieee wax, dS Landes Salgburg_gA x. st pen co oes eo -3 Sooty — a
s . = ey “Y . S ta Ss see Oe og , pies WirI-9 FSA Se, -ag@g SS” aot a & ane ; Propaganda card
meee Qe Song 7 and vignette used ® . ~ S ~.e . e , = CO? GED ‘ to promote the mss ‘ oS err 3 fo « ; : i aw LA «Ss 0G me =; fs i ms . CS plebiscite. ZT 1 ey G mS PMA AR EU oe We e Si Ke See Se Pees UE’ e2
- : SS : Ss as * . weenie, vecmsanee _. ee eee . ee a s ‘ 0 i, a: 2 (RY = en ie 8 = . ee Ae 2 hes we = s ee 7 NG ao ae
eee ~ (|S > = : S = a e
. & f& e@ (ke 3 £ Ve. | *s Oo &F
} = -, S S&S SF oo Ci Yay 3
2 = ~ - = ate
Local overprint cancelled on day that the plebiscite was held.
wo
pr eee
= ~
»
(Originalbolidnitt von Senft Sompek jun.) .
w e
& w : Q&A nN wt
Rate ‘F ed WRUET IN: R&R UGS ay s 2 4 ts \
PAS Pe RP Ty US ae SS NPE s at BE &y OP PAA USS v8S3 PRE PWNS SH PLT EY SRE Ogg SIS CAGE PRES BS SPREE RL -R SE SAR SE PPA PE RST Goes RNR PARSE Ar eek Sey
LR ESR DAG BONE | RSs Sse Shy ase SS i REPEATS SM BY 5 Ses ES Rs. AE RS WWE SAE EB BD CE SAS SER SRE LE LEP NS Ws SSO e AS SF |, s? ey
&S AS 8 “eos re Tad
o f ”
iy
3- 2 v e
CY ey
i Y
AS alsburg fat den Uniehluh an vase? |Z ‘ onl
io Reich (29. Mai 1921). (Se
‘ Pa ,
S 2 g eo’
4 Poftkharie. | o~ 3
is a f ee
YY Lif J
Waa Milo /
Z
ty In spite of the Treaty of St. Germain, many Austrians wished to unite with Germany. Salzburg even conducted a plebiscite on this question on 29 May 1921, to no avail, of course. This effort did result in some locally-used Overprints as well as propaganda postcards.
AUSTRIA London
American Relief Organizations 21 February 1920
Wien
7 June 1920
The American Relief Administration
established an AMERICAN RELIEF WARE- 13:
HOUSE in Vienna, Austria, You can buy |
at any bank in the United States AMERICAN. _!
RELIEF WAREHOUSE FOOD DRAFTS and
send them to us in Vienna. On presentation
of these FOOD DRAFTS at the warehouse
in Vienna, we can draw AMERICAN FOOD.
We are in great need of food in Austria. Individual food parcels
sent from America usually do not
reach us. Money does us no good
when there is no food to buy.
HELP US IN OUR DISTRESS BY
SENDING AN AMERICAN RELIEF WARE-
HOUSE FOOD DRAFT — QUICKLY!
For further information apply to
AMERICAN RELIEF ADMINISTRATION,
115 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY. ne wb A Re SARE Se Mee ee AE wdais so ai &
~* NS Sas a : tat ema bop yaaa yt S
(over) : D : aa ar : of .
————e woowe os Diese Karte: mitbring He
to, “ g SOP hem oe gs oo : Bias 2
: = 7 oO 7 7 “as 2 = cat as : my tein Ee :
We have received from the American
_ Relief Administration Warehouses the food
consigned to: us through ‘thé medium of the food draft Nre_i...... you sent us. -
The food including the government ration will
last us ADOUt oa ccssceseceon _.weeks. We thank
you for this valuable assistance and ask you
not to forget us in the future.
If you wish to send us another draft apply to
AMERICAN RELIEF ADMINISTRATION,
115 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY
or to your own or the-nearest bank,
U. S. of America. (over)
J, Weiner, Vienna
Food was scarce in postwar Austria. Due to the efforts of the American Relief Administration, it was possible for
people in the U.S. to pay a sum of money to the ARA here and have a receipt issued which friends and relatives in
Austria could take to a designated warehouse and get a food parcel. Upper card is a request form that were
mailed to Americans. Lower card is a receipt that was to be taken to the warehouse in Vienna.
AUSTRIA Wien American Relief Organizations 21 July 1920
31 October 1920
’ : eS
! . * ee
Amerikanische Kinderhilfsaktion
Wien, |., GiselastraBe 13.
e
- ae a es ue 5 = oe Coe eee aeg ee :
..~ CHRISTMAS FOOD PACKAGES. POST.CA ms a BAe’ “deltiered.. food at SS
> re Yon
Sale a he:
me NRE DMI ATION USE !FOOR DR:
1 STO” and and setd t " \s\Austria. Oa\presentation of these F
DRAFTS hie warehouse in Vienna we can draw SPECIAL CHRISTMAS.PACKAGES.. - containing SUGAR and COCOA in addition to the regular line of essential foodstuffs delivered during the past winter.
Autumnfinds our food situation no better and the prospect of Christmas
:. holds little hope for improvement.
. HELP MAKE OUR CHRISTMAS BRIGH- MD LOLS “TER BY SENDING US AN AMERICAN a he RELIEF WAREHOUSE FOOD DRAFT. / ane * ae J 4 ; For further Information apply to Fog Wallon Soke 4 | AMERICAN RELIEF ADMINISTRATION, Soe
' 42 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY U. S. of America. or to your own or the nearest bank, .
In addition to the ARA, there was an American Children's Aid Society which provided humanitarian services. Upper card was sent from that organization. Lower card is a special form from the ARA for a Christmas food package. Note special German/English. propaganda postmark honoring the ARA's European Children's Fund.
AUSTRIA Army Post Office R.7 British Forces 7 December 1918
Field Post Office F.D.3
20 January 1919
i a Site EO, | Say 4 Een ats OKI VID POM | ‘hor sett pen
Following the Armistice, one British battalion was selected from the forces in Italy and sent into Austria as part of the Allied occupation troops. It was stationed at the town of Imst in the Tirol from 28 November 1918 until April
1919. Lacking local field post facilities, mail was taken back to either the 7th Division Railhead or a field
distribution center in Italy for postmarking.
AUSTRIA Danube Commission British Forces September 1919
3 March 1920
“UBHEIRE CAND» 2 ; ts * j =
SORES Fk AO
ty ~
a
oa
Pe 2
~~ 9 : hAQ
a aos ~ .
Peabo a, fs tae
yy ey % py 40 ve\
iBedstsudisee waco a tnrt at eCia is Anetta a ee a to achat aan, j wesc 3 a — zd
Official mail from the occupation authorities set up by the Allies was carried by military pouch to the War Office in London, where it was transferred to the postal service. Above examples from regulatory bodies in Vienna for control of shipping on the Danube River.
AUSTRIA Interallied Food Mission/Vienna
British Mission 1919-1920
British Railway Mission/Vienna
27 January 1920
Mery ged 4| ppm eg are y's. Service. |
Examples of mail from personnel involved in the British relief activities. Such mail was sent by diplomatic pouch
to London and then turned over to the postal authorities.
AUSTRIA French Military Mission
’
Mission Militaire Francaise en Autriche
15 May 1919 fP bile teethleos Mi blhcie Fiautain Win ja. ~eivien y
_ ff .
11 October 1919 *
Ve Ahi. oP
- es ERS
Sr
S t e
te
Upon the surrender of Austria, Allied troops moved north from Italy and occupied strategic locations in the country. The cards shown above were sent by military courier to Paris, where they entered the mails.
AUSTRIA Tresor et Postes *_*
French Military Mission 28 April 1919
14 May 1920
Tresor et Postes 96
16 May 1924
1S with end Cv Lee LT
- oe
fo. ‘ * , : L: 3 ns 5 a re ' Bo ~ is i. £«<- cataad te 5
: & 2 ge? e
& 5 r
acl wok :
P E L T T T
e n
je
Ss 2 Bent gic Pol)
L
:
Unit cachets used during the occupation of Austria include the "Mission to Styria - Carinthia," the "Mission for
the Circulation of (Railway) Rolling Stock in Central Europe,” then located in Mariazell, and the "Railway
Management for the Occupied Territories/Linz Station."
Wien AUSTRIA
November 1923 French Military Mission
~ ** : = : me 5
COMMISSION MILITAIRE INTERALLIEE ! DE CONTROLE
DANS LA REPUBLIQUE D’AUTRICHE
1se/c.c.
+r ome . 19 WOR roe A yy SER
oe he
Mademodselie PERER EB, i‘ a Chemin de Blémur
-PIS8C OP, par . St-BRICE
- ( Seine-et-Oise)
Frankreich
Upper cover represents official mail from the Inter-Allied Military Control Commission in Austria to Marshal Foch in Paris. Lower example was sent by the French representative on the Austro-Italian Boundary Commission in Bolzano (South Tirol) via the civil post office in Vienna.
BURGENLAND
This German-speaking area at the western edge of Hungary was awarded to Austria based on the Trianon Treaty ratified by the Hungarian parliament in November 1920. However, the actual transfer was delayed due to the activities of local insurgents who declared the independence of West Hungary (Lajtabansag). The Allies pressured the Hungarian government to control the insurgents and evacuate the territory -- which was completed on 13 November 1921.
Provisional] Issue ‘ Jennersdorf
4 September 1921
Provisional overprints on Hungarian stamps, showing the Austrian eagle and new values in heller aud krone, were issued in early September 1921 when Austrian forces temporarily occupied Jennersdorf (Gyanafslva). Such stamps are considered local at best and likely private, but they are representative of the unsettled times ii. the area.
BURGENLAND Eisenstadt Mixed Franking 2 September 1921
Bruck a.d. Leitha
14 November 1921
LOS ep Oe re ea oo pe rei ee ahs
Ae mente :
SRE <1, ~ DEEN ON,
as Poat
ELEZO-LAI ce
r
? 1 { I: i
e o r o e
e e d
1, ¢
ty er la g
vo u
do ha nu
Tr ax ie r.
i
/ yg
‘ .
F a y ,
27 5
Tr ax le r
Ji no s
kl ad éo a, —V er la
A
£ % ot
‘ ra
Jf .
4K t e ,
t a d
During the period of unsettlement in the West Hungarian area, both Austrian and Hungarian stamps were valid for postage. As such, examples of mixed franking of the two issues are of interest.
BURGENLAND Neufeld a.d. Leitha Austrian Franking September 1921
Eisenstadt
25 January 1922
ee oe
of ae: aE noose ey
= 2 ack ¥ Sa 2 Sa 4 > 4
He “Dr. BRUNNER JANOS. = He -GayveD = *. Be z <s fen abe
A KISMARTONI TAKAREKPENZTAR UGYESZE. - } f 7 - ¥
a . ADVOKAT
~"ANWALT DER EISENSTADTER SPARKASSA ~
me KISMARTON. ~—
Baa i . ; GL TU te Meee han ty 3 EE TELEFON 12. :
are ae te oN, to A J poe “e ta! }
7 = _ ¢ <a 8 i
. . : _ ; > 3 ; al |
7
i i
i 1 3 '
. 1 | :
© t ; i t
1 1
a = i = !
Austrian postage was valid for postage both at the beginning of the unsettled period and after the transfer of the territory, known as Burgenland, which became the eighth federal state of the Austrian Republic.
BURGENLAND Military Mail
“Stempel der-aufgebenden sel =. Behdrbe aes
yeceees .
f Poftéacte 4 “ad : DerfHlelhprets fie 25 Stid 50°9
19 November 1921]
es 7 . a - “taf
(> Guawuachvits inebeenstn Agsheetestoesesha sear weccceves
To insure that there would be no further difficulties from the West Hungarian insurgents over the transfer of the territory, Austrian troops were sent to Burgenland. Their mail was postage free provided that an appropriate unit cachet was applied. Above fieldpost cards provide examples of "Burgenland Service" and (in manuscript) "Border Guards/Burgenland."
SGegriindung der Dortofeetelt: -.
“- Pofttatte ~ ~ Berfehleipprets far 25 Stid go Seller
a Melee otha eet
Stegersbach 25 January 1922
CARINTHIA
This province in southern Austria came into dispute between the Republic and the South Slav state, and parts of the area were occupied by troops from Slovenia in 1919. This met with resistance from the local inhabitants, and the Allies decided to hold a plebiscite on 10 October 1920 in the southern part of the region (Zone A). The vote
was 59% to remain with Austria. As a result, it was considered unnecessary to have a vote in the northern part (Zone B), which was even more pro-Austrian.
Plebiscite Issue Klagenfurt
, . 21 September 1920
‘ss 10 October 1920
Ww
of oy a eS
——.......
2379 | Klagenfurt 4
BRURTSAGFERHABRHATTANRRRMEVF AHS He eeasaaeaey
(4 5 € g , “”
Dalisadfimmung in Rarnten 1920. Ip IF 0 2p.
fin Sergect? find wit, wie dic Rarawanton Blessen feifentazt to Uns Ffeins MT < Hew Hema ireu in Sx
A l a w e n f u r s .
| | nN
O
S w e a r
d i e n ft
,
Q
a | m se
oe
| e y
rom wi - s
BME Nudalnm crleey OC Rete of MA hae oF 3 fen TO BAe 4can ® - = Wr “2 53 :
vs aad — a a a 2 é
0 Ce (ERP 891 Ye, °
Pliee Rup S— 3 Geax we Aegis iia ora eae ews Se Hea See ERE S Ww ES
y
On 16 September, Austria issued a set of overprints reading "Carinthia Plebiscite” as propaganda for the vote to be held the next month. These were valid for postage throughout the entire country but most examples were used in Klagenfurt, the capital of the province.
CARINTHIA Klagenfurt Austrian Franking
10 March 1921
Prom Raa TT = _ os = we ao
aL x f 2 Deutsch “,
UES TT wes & ;
xem f LES SESISTTs | |
. ee r at st
4£ “AF ‘ . : : RRA a tee tine e e eeeee. ntepaeme TELA tame reese ey ne eee ne te . ee eat OF nt wa
After the plebiscite settled matters, Carinthia reverted to the use of Austrian stamps. Cover mailed five months later shows propaganda vignette of Carinthian dragon (a statue of which can be seen in the main square of Klagenfurt) chasing out the South Slavs.
CARINTHIA Radkersburg Liberation Commemoration 29 July 1920
Spielfeld 8 August 1920
Der Teufel felber rdumr 308 Feid, Wo deutide Trene SHhildwadht Hilt.
Befreiung von RadBkersburg 26, Buti 1920, 8
Olita Sem be he lew Om TM € Re rans baie, awe
Sig Aembet dS) Load >
SY
TA TE L a
SRT
‘ wu C i
a
it
GS
a) oe
b 4
‘Ge ai
s
W i
| iy ees ae eee
Ie ™~
- Fo t.
S.
Fr an
k,
Gr az
19 18 -1 9
: a qe rd, fh
pean tw or t. 4 or :
ema th AL Su be
Ve rt
ag
. Su ml jr se h,
& i PA
VR ne]
/ | Ni : ohh Pee - lt EE OY. A, iN j . : 8
A ©, U. ’ 5 oS dln, whulienoby, Y
gh igs weert eatin — meen nme eae mem pe
During the unsettlement in Carinthia prior to the plebiscite, forces from both sides were active in the area. The cards commemorate the liberation of two towns in the disputed area, Radkersburg (on the Mur River -- even today the present boundary between Austria and Slovenia) and Spielfeld. This latter village issued local overprints to commemorate its liberation on 29 July 1920.
CARINTHIA Volkermarkt Military Mail 27 August 1921
Bleiburg 13 October 192]
Ofterreih
Doftéarte oes we T]e7 Derfhletgpreia fir ag Std g0 Heller
w e e
Stempel Ser anfgebenéen y Bebhsrde !
| Ofterreich
» Gtempel ber aufgebenden ‘ ay © Behitbe Doftfarte
Derfdhleippreis far 25 Stic 50 He : YY
To guard against potential incursions from the South, Austrian troops were stationed in Carinthia for some time after the plebiscite. Soldiers’ mail was free if an appropriate official cachet was applied.
HUNGARY
As was the case with Austria, the Kingdom of Hungary contained large numbers of minority groups, including
Croatians, Italians, Romanians and Slovaks. As World War I ended, most of these people wished to live in
countries with their ethnic brethren. As a result, the Hapsburg Empire fell apart almost overnight. On 31 October
1918, Count Karolyi formed a democratic government in Budapest. After King Karl IV renounced his rights to
govern on 13 November, Hungary was declared a Republic on the 16th.
Forerunners x Budapest 16 November 1918
‘ : ~ fA ee ery ae eg
x : i
LEVELEZO-LAP
a7 st Pasay agnic HM 2LESEN AGOLE
Postal card and registered cover cancelled with postmark commemorating the proclamation of the Republic.
1y roo, ' ey aie g 4 — imraAsc Prem nysi Ateneo arses lear
KiMZessx, Hes Aa, CSiGX SUES Ss
RQ so wer ym, Lt NE 7 3 GGAD at tot be er
td
— Guelalfo—l
ne OMOXIC, Atami syomaa. Budageat, 1910.
Most stamps of the Monarchy, which were inscribed "Magyar Kir. Posta (Hungarian Royal Posts)," continued to
be valid for postage for an extended period of time, generally until 30 September 1922. (Those depicting the king
and queen were demonetized on 23 November 1918.) They were accepted either on their own or in mixed
franking with both overprints and new definitives.
HUNGARY Budapest Provisional Overprints 14 December 1918
24 February 1920
= ~\ i ae ,
7918 era ng
e407
Pozsony 1
155 .
Republic overprints used to uprate postal card on which "Kur. (Royal)" was excised.
ae | (A. Der Hib rors Aosje~) . MN ee ae
|
a
The first stamps issued by the Republic were royal issues overprinted "Koztarsasag (Republic)." These were valid from 23 November 1918 to 31 December 1920. In all. 19 regular postage, | special delivery and 3 semi- postal stamps were so overprinted.
HUNGARY Republic Definitives
Fi ty Mew A Netra A alten neta ta 6 oA
‘92018
Budapest 10 June 1919 1 April 1920
Mixed franking of overprinted and definitive stamps of the Republic used on cover to Austria.
4N4
R Aj an to tt ,
©
Budapest 4
oo
So ps
4938 fi [~~~
In January 1919 the first definitive stamps were issued by the Republic. They had the same designs as the old set
of the Monarchy. depicting grain harvesters and the parliament building in Budapest. However, they were simply
inscribed "Hungarian Posts” without the "Kir." for Royal. They were valid for postage until-31 December 1920.
e e
ay
re e r
ry
ine lbi
en c i m a es
ar ta t i g e n
im me
=
HUNGARY Rakosszentmihaly Soviet Republic Provisionals 20 July 1919
Budapest 9 September 1919 pert il
R Rakosszentminaly
i a |
jl nt ot t
\
Republic definitives
cq° Ao & fora overprinted "Magyar : | OF Raita rian OS) Tanacskoztarsasag
ae (Hungarian Soviet 9 WUL Republic)" were used
during the occupation of Budapest and the surrounding area. by the Bolshevik forces.
Pe
586 4 Budapest 3 po ” ;
On 21 March 1919, under the leadership of Bela Kun, a Soviet Republic was established in Budapest, forcing the national government to withdrew to Szeged in the southern part of the country. The Bolsheviks remained in power in the capital until the Romanian army arrived on 3 August 1919. The Soviet provisional overprints were issued in July 1919 and were valid for postage until the end of November.
HUNGARY Budapest Soviet Republic Definitives 12 June 1919
1 July 1919
“ie § é § €
¢ ¢ 2 ¢ €.
’ ? $ 4 5 g
See tate
BUDAPEST SZEKESFOVAROS ELEKTROMOS MUVEI BUDAPEST, V., VACI-UT 72. SZAM. i
} x ken.
Although the Soviet definitive set depicting Karl Marx and other Communists was actually issued on 12 June 1919, some five weeks before the overprints, these stamps were intended more as propaganda and saw practically no non-philatelic postal use. Shown above are a locally-addressed registered first day cover and an 80 filler value depicting Engels on an (overfranked) envelope imprinted forthe Electricity Board.
HUNGARY Hadtappostahivatal Soviet Military Mail 23 May 1919
LOO ye ore ge
a Tabori Fopostahivatal 25 May 1919
. ; * a
Budapest 8 July 1919
: Hivatalos feljegyzé
ori posta sz Se
|
LEVELEZO-LAP.
- ; CU i ¢
| Vé
ig )
T e e r
JF —_ K.
J. Bp .
To rv ,
vé dv e
19 17
/2 3
Be .
Ln.
G e t t e r
Jd rs el
hi rl ap el dt ic et éa l
br od dj du ak
ki ad ds a,
wo
_—
The Soviet Field Post system began operations on 3 May 1919 to deal with mail from the Red soldiers that were sent to fight against the Czechoslovak, Romanian and South Slav forces that were threatening the country. Examples above show the postmarks of the Base Post Office and Head Field Post Office on cards with the cachet of the HQ for railways. Lower card has civil postmark but is free of postage because it bears an appropriate military cachet. The Red Army was disbanded on 2 August 1919 due to defeats inflicted by the Romanians.
HUNGARY
National Government Provisionals
7
veh f ca
Ne
Budapest 26 November 1919
6 April 1920 12 August 1920
| | i \ | a ' 1 1 1
[762 || 523 ran des Postes de Hongrie.
Pl Budapest 5
ara - Bulletin d’expédition
Cs—— das vagy mas okmany.
ae dowane oa autres documents.
trték: — Valeur: Ex (name -&2 ) Forme
K as tartalma : ceaeeceeeeces C wt =3 Contenu 1B eS a
oF
fendeltatési hely —\ = : : . is ! teu de destination f seems tose stores wee fe ee et eedee Jacwesameennccersescerecnes FR.......5
Wee hazszam vagy utoisd posta | Af e et numéro ou bureau de poste f “""*
} r “4 ps eléjegyzések.:.—-.Motices postales :
7
iy 1 ” C
2OIdS J =e Apececeassceee KE ceeeseeceeeees g.
ranyitas \ Mesececsivesasecas: w) aceevencxensas
Acherpinement f smessceeteeesseceencnteeeeesensceescaensseasens
Seeeeeetee sh i vedeeds
A
Bess ai 8
«Fel “=s cee oe et Oe i ienuc ear eed Tee | :
os SATS TES - Ey ay e
2 Yay Gul | ‘ . i
2 AdAD : — ET a a = : Tat
A % e
wr
| |
During the period it was forced out of Budapest by the Bolshevik forces, the National government was based in Szeged. After the fall of the Soviet regime, the National army headed by Admiral Horthy reentered the capital on 16 November 1919. A set of overprints was issued to commemorate this event. In addition. large quantities of Soviet Republic provisionals found in the post offices were overprinted with a sheaf of wheat and "1919." These were valid for postage from 27 January to 31 December 1920.
HUNGARY Budapest First Regular Postage & Airmails 17 November 1920
28 March 1921
Cover to New
York with the
promotional cachet of the American Relief Administration.
Feladé neve: as
» alldsa . (foglaikozdsa):
Jakeézime: Brest
Flown cover to Gyor with special ‘Budapest Airmail cancel,
The new regency did not wish to use Republic stamps so new printings were made of the old grain harvesters and parliament designs but with the "Kir. (Royal)" restored. These were placed on sale on 20 May 1920. Six months later. three values were overprinted for use in the airmail service.
HUNGARY Budapest American Relief Organization 3 May 1920
3 ,
io your relatives in u (ey can send you food!
mee % — LEVELEZO-LAP. ATO!
: y a has established American Re- POSTCARD, Warehouses in Hungary. You can
¥ at punks in the U.S. an American Reiief Warehouse Food Draft. Send these fo ous in Hungary and we can draw
the warehouses,
and is!
Americia
+ tonesd a: gary indivicual food varoe!s are delayed Or never reacn us. Esen money does not hefs as there no food to uy. This |
A provide SMiTe Way 6 Supply us
dd
m o
«
WW:
Helpus in ourdistressbyseadinganAmerican — k Relis? Warehouse food draft for tea or
nearest b
pe
ne “4 fo ON Kildjétek el ezt a levelezSlapot Amerikaban léwé \_) roxonaitoknak és 6k élelmiszert kiildhetnek nektek! af Az Amerikaban székeié6 Amerilai Segits | Personal message: Adminisztracio , Amerixai Segité Raktar“-akat
" allitott fel Mawyerorszagon. Az Eevestilt Alla- 7 : mok Oankhdazaiban wAmerikei Segité Raktac''- Dear dt xy ; a elniacerateheasi peat vehettek. Kildjétek - LF cer wa Gatherer x | el ezeket nektink Magvarorszacra s amerikai . ‘ / i Slelmet kaphatunk ki a tarhazakhdl. Av utal-- _exte bees WK For Geer YivOK Tdjdonosd az itt fava kel@liniszevek-. cre: SLEfYIOL eee weent randOsdgaikar indr -gkekaplak, My. “Gatklagn Cent my & foods Aétkot a
“Személyes kézlemények: ‘
af
Mi Magyarorszagoi’ Magy “sziik oe ee: eas szenvediink élelmiszerékbem-aAz: edyéii' |"7O). SS ard £ S$&2A xt vo kitldeménvek megkésndk, vasy séhasem |" ps a Cle t a jutnak el hozzank. Még pénzzel sem-istet Wks CoS Same TOD.
seviteni benniinket, mert sincs‘éfelem, amit : Srerent at Lenny Kere venetnénk. Ez a rendszér Ayijijaibiztos |. LUA Hate” Cr libre §, miédjat annak, hogy benniinket élelenmmiel | " 5 : lassanak al. ‘t iMDesz Dsrks bere harect
azonnal sav i) vagy 30 duilaros Amerikal Seqio Neo: ARNOLD PR WINER Aaxtac-eelmuszerutivanvt a Ravetkeza cimre, | /¥e9! ¢ ary: = = a :
Tamogassatok beaniinket aysmerunkban, kuildjetek
Toval “Ke
~
i feivilagostasokert forduljatok a leg- re bi hankhoz vagy az Amerikal Seviu Varos ‘ BUDAPEST. UE Aduumisztracighez, 115. Broaiway; Kérség: s - : w York City, Utea: OR/AS-aTEa 4G i Meretik a mvet és cimet nyamtstoit hetiikkel ieni!
Food was scarce in postwar Hungary. Due to the efforts of the American Relief Administration, it was possible for people in the U.S. to pay a sum of money to the ARA here and have a receipt issued which friends and relatives in Hungary could take to a designated warehouse and get a food parcel. Examples of request forms that were mailed to Americans are shown above.
HUNGARY Tresor et Postes *_* French Military Mission 10 June 1919
1S ee —_ ‘ SSS | Tresor et Postes 516 2 S o/ 24 February 1919
Oa / - LEV ELEZO -LAP. 7. Vuh. | Tresor et Postes 520D 14 April 1919
a
p o r r y
Q
ai e
a p r e m n e e
%
+ TRESOR ET p STES Chak ony
. « —
‘
ad a +
oath + %. ~ %
AE s | z
*] = ‘~ ae aus 2 ‘ ” . @ io 2
a Fes reer ABU eee met ep ore pee D hol a4 i . 4
ee CHBEteu ; & ; tt ag
MS — Oe ee em eee me ~ — . - -_——_ 7 — sao “$
Following the armistice, Allied troops moved north from Italy and occupied the Hungarian heartland. Field post
markings above from Debreczen and Temesvar; registered military mail from this campaign is especially elusive.
HUNGARY Mission Militaire Francaise en Hongrie French Military Mission 16 April 1919 January 192]
e Li Tresor et Postes 516
ee o> 1
* + Hig gem an i ; at 26 February 1920 a 4 £.
B } ‘ 3 1 ~ . rH os Po . : Bog eeu 8 < s Ss. 7 srs : eines elt sei ae oe iene “ss Bee. * we
te heey : ‘- ss =
. Beer ° 4 i?
Cat SOM & faq ud A vals of Z
Nat “ 8 jhe Se 2 . . 7 _ ¢ aoe « Z eo ~s " ud i< - Z r 7} iy * 4 - ay og -- a
a = =
e . t r . oo - : 4 a 4 a i s a et A 4 . 4 €
(sted ee ee ee ee eS seca inane me SLSR
Among the various unit cachets used by the French troops in Hungary were "French Military Mission Budapest. "Allied Mission to the Hungarian Government" and "French Military Mission in Hungary/General Hamelin.”
HUNGARY Arad
French Occupation 4 May 1919
Although French troops occupied a number of locations in Hungary, only one issue of special postage stamps
ensued. In May 1919 various Hungarian stamps, including old Royal designs and "Republic" overprints, were
overprinted "French Occupation." These were issued for use in and around the city of Arad as an interim measure
pending the transfer of the area to Romania.
HUNGARY Budapest Italian Military Mission
7 October 1019
Most of the Italian occupation troops were deployed in Austria, but a small military mission was sent to Hungary proper. Above card was sent by a telegrapher stationed at Budapest, most likely by diplomatic pouch. It was censored in Trieste en route.
WEST HUNGARY
At the western edge of Hungary there was a German-speaking area known as Lajtabansag (Leitha District). As
the successor states to the Austro-Hungarian Empire presented territorial claims at the peace negotiations, Austria
requested this area. When the Hungarian parliament ratified the Trianon Treaty in November 1920, such terms
were included. However, various delays in effecting the transfer allowed local insurgents to declare the
independence of Lajtabansag on 4 October 1921 and issue stamps. The Allies pressured the Hungarian
government to control the insurgents and evacuate the territory -- which was completed on 13 November 1921. In
return, a plebiscite was authorized for the city, of Sopron and its environs, which voted to remain Hungarian.
on ; ee ee ee et as ree ee Leto ie en rd Hit
Provisional Issues
Gyanafalva 9 September 1921
Zemenye 22 September 1921
a &
The first provisional overprints, reading "West Hungary Occupied by Insurgent Hungarians/Aug. Sept. 1921,"
were issued on 2 September. A second set overprinted "West Hungarian Insurgents/Sept. 1921/'A’ Zone" (with
skull and crossbones) was issued by the Ostenburg battalion on 8 September. These are shown used above on
registered, special delivery cover from the postmaster at Zemenye (Zemendorf) to Koszeg.
B e l i .
ia
Ei ne s
WEST HUNGARY Csajta Provisional Overprints 6 October 1921
Nagy Marton 20 October 1921
i es , . a Re 2 wa’ 7918. OT ‘meer ™100 «. 15000 cromag. dp. 1 iven 1s
at “ s eee - ie - NO . % % eens at Pl ce ee Renn as en mR Linc Ree ee acini a men ata
Registered cover used from Nagy
Marton (now
Mattersburg) was franked with examples of the third provisional overprints.
The most official of the overprints, reading "West Hungarian Posts" was issued by the Governing Council of Lajtabansag on the day after the declaration of independence. These were widely used throughout the territory and remained valid for postage until 15 December 1921.
WEST HUNGARY Zurany
Provisional Overprints 22 October 1921
MA an tie K-s ieee « OLE 6 nner nnn _F 2 F000» = FFlOE a a ws ; . /
2» (0% » = $992» A AGA Kadara IZ tn OF at
» > = ra 7 VA eC
AMAMNAY
o Y i
w k
K
I ¥
whltipine 6 6 6 pgp Peeel
Osszesen . . Ang oo K
Rendeltetési hely:... A Le “eg ALO 22:
Lakds (uteza stb)t sass cen lc cena
a Fon _ esetleg J a apace
ge __ _. UEOLSS POSER 2 an ean nnn eae eee Li eee ence eee cccmenncn mae 320 = francs. citmes. oy!
On 10 October, a new series of overprints reading "Northern Army of the Insurgent Hungarians/1921" was issued
by the Hejjas Battalion. Examples of these stamps on cover are very elusive, especially of the highest values --
shown above used from Zurany (Zurndorf) on value declared letter for 470,000 korona to Magyarovar -- of which
only 100 copies each were printed.
WEST HUNGARY rt Kismarton Provisional Overprints
3 October 1921
14 October 1921
Somer d iat
m4 _ vw
y O _ a : Beet om eae a> VEE ke 2, 2 “yo
oo ee, Ma
wo OTT A a
5 DIDS Me = Reema 2 enn dk in wi “=<
3] Ki . f 2 ismarton CY ‘oS oueet hom
ja ag] | 122 Aj An lo t
The final provisionals were issued by the Friedrich Battalion on 12 October. Overprinted "West Hungary/Defense Force" in Hungarian and German. (The words "Orszve" and "Orgland” are abbreviations for Defence Force, i.e. of Organisierter Landschutz in German.) The Michel catalogue states that all "used" copies are cancelled to order, as on the piece above with complete set postmarked before the set was actually issued. However, Ettre reports that a few of the stamps were used on actual mail, particularly in Kismarton (Eisenstadt).
WEST HUNGARY Felsoor
17 November 1921 Definitives
% we s
“9 > °
> ”
ri , fo n t
x
Ta N
wane &
SS / al!
_ 2 Cte |
P e e w e e
dG
ve t
ts * “R uO RR E
Th
CCaiTesanseb:
SH ibe X af .
ye ae WNIT EN oe |
The Lajtabansag authorities ordered a pictorial set to be printed in Vienna. Michel gives the date of issue as 11
November and lists only four of the values as being actually used. Transfer of the territory was completed on 13
November, and Austrian authorities confiscated the remaining stamps on 17 November. The set. including dues.
is shown above on a souvenir envelope cancelled to order at Felsoor (Oberwart) to complete the story.
ITALY
Unlike the Czechoslovaks, Poles and South Slavs, who had to create enurely new nations following World War I. Italy was an already existing entity with its own government and armed forces. It had long desired to annex Austrian lands populated with ethnic Italians and moved swiftly to absorb the new territories as soon as possible after the Austrians signed an armistice on 3 November 1918. Included in the annexed areas were Venezia Giulia, Trentino and parts of Dalmatia. (Later, Italy was able to annex the Free City of Fiume on 12 January 1924.)
Forerunners 4
. IF NTT OSaaa ea
\
XY :
[dies wel o ep imo al bari ff
It Qf Ant TE BS e g e o v e c v e d s
tt
“al t
Xx e X
f
e
% ®,
‘ °
ve se
ea l
Si de
ee :
N e
st a
y
R e
N O Y e l
I N T I O
Postal card franked
with two Austrian
Imperial stamps and mailed to Milan.
Algund 26 November 1918
Zara 5 February 1919
Austrian Imperial postal card with adhesive to meet rate increase to 10 heller. Meran Hilfspost label issued by the Chamber of Commerce which provided delivery of business mail during one month period from 20 November.
The stamps of Austria continued to be valid for postage during late 1918 and early 1919 in the areas occupied by Italy. either on their own or in mixed franking with Italian provisionals and definitives.
ITALY Posta Militare §
First Trentino Provisionals 13 December 1918
Povo
27 December 1918
Censored picture postcard mailed from FPO #8 to Bologna. Unit cachet of the HQ of the 4th Army.
S o e e g
E T
Registered cover (below) showing
use of Trentino overprints to
O P S A P
we p
u e
oD
The first new issue for Italian occupied territory consisted of eighteen values of Austrian stamps overprinted
"Kingdom of Italy/Trentino/3 November 1918." These were intended for use primarily in the area around Trento
(referred to by the Austrians as the South Tirol).
ITALY Trento
Second Trentino Provisionals 10 January 1919
Meran 5 February 1919
The Italians came to view it as more politically correct to use their own Stamps instead of old Austrian ones (even with appropriate overprints) in the occupied areas. As a result. a second provisional issue overprinted "Venezia Tridentina” came out on 20 December 1918, augmented by three additional values with bolder overprint and surcharged in heller issued on 1 February 1919. Stamps in Austrian currency were valid until 19 Apmil 1919.
ITALY Gries b. Bozen
Trentino 27 February 1919
Meran
2 April 1919
S. D. Wassermann Photographie und Optik
Meran, Siidtirol po RS He
Stefaniepromenade, Pension Neuhaus
Som mersaison: Karersee b. Bozen
<> hatte ae deta
Meran
| 755
BO Rg oe ‘ “4 =
koage Seocie.a Adsnine
tank OLS o
aAL wos po e
ee
or
Hy
b re th
0G
In January 1919 the Italians issued a set for general use in all of the occupied areas. It consisted of surcharges in
centisimi and corona without any geographic description. These were all valid for postage until 19 June 1924.
ITALY
Military Mail in Trentino
RESERE:10. 9 ‘ ,
RIPRODUZIONE NAVE RN OITA NP PUNITE
ae, 268 —€270CP
wo
Comispoijdeniza ede + ? r ‘ A
‘ ei ’ . > . 4
° 5 SNe oN OS) gS) oni eq WN OR sy NS Aw :
NY NOS). 4 Gave (ERY 2 SANS Lenard ype 2. x LEELA ES 2NN a d_ZZ ALL CEP EE 4 pe
ayy "| Bn Abeta 2. ee 3 g : gies > .
fig hk Zz. @ : 2 se Ee Figs (Pe, wale LI yy fx)
Posta Militare 124
5 January 1919
Posta Militare 15]
3 February 1919
ey
Ae
iY p e r f
se
oy
j o r x
Above items show overprinted stamps used at military stations P.M. 124 in Trento and P.M. 151 in Bolzano. The latter reflecting usage on a business cover to Vienna.
ITALY _ Bolzano Boundary Commission 31 January 1919
; 26 May 1919 fits
—— et
= Se
ee. / Ramimision te Delimitation dela Frm me Deli cntire_ entre {Aig (sterreichisel-ifalieniseher Grenzregelungs-Aussehiss--—
~ DS
- oF Fs
We aay we -“
%. i. 2
. as
& Ses . Re ; qemetees wk aR 3
Early in the occupation of the South Tirol, the Italians were actively seeking to define the new boundaries on the
most advantageous basis possible. Above examples of mail are from members of both the Austrian and Italian
Delegations to the Boundary Commission. Only such examples seen by exhibitor.
ITALY First Venezia Giulia Provisionals
: , SA ees Peg wey reere tS Ne
aw ==) 2 AS Ms
Trieste 8 December 1918
1 January 1919
10 - ==
ICM rere
On 14 November, three days after the issue of the first Trentino "Kingdom of Italy/Venezia Giulia/3 November 1918." Trieste, including the Julian Alps and Istria.
D2 t2 fe Wia tinna BF.
provisionals, a similar issue appeared overprinted These were intended for use primarily in the area around
ITALY Trieste
Second Venezia Giulia Provisionals 17 December 1918
1 March 1919
PAY i. Nabe. rary ee
tl a a By D
@O m
AP PR
. UF HI OI O
RA V.
OT AM PA ,
MA AN OD
tt
N i 2 J
The more politically correct overprints also appeared in Venezia Giulia. The second provisional issue overprinted
on Italian stamps came out on 6 December 1918, augmented by two additional values surcharged in heller issued
on 20 February 1919.
ITALY
Venezia Giulia
Bisect of 20 cent. overprint properly used on picture postcard to Livorno.
ca
J
el e e e
¥]
. iin L estan c00 ty
jacd2o Gao ( c e a
a a a oe
s
ale Soc
Tneste 13 February 1919 20 February 1919
1 April 1919
The general overprinted issue without geographic description and surcharged in centesimi and corona also appeared in Venezia Giulia.
ITALY Military Mail in Venezia Giulia
Posta Militare 53
27 December 1918
Posta Militare 87
12 January 1919
\ }
4
“ # ¥ vt
ARAN NGSG a a <5 3 “os
> oo & @ Ls
a ° CARTE POSTALE. s =a By dada a s
zd oy
5 (ine fF meee (For Nsee 2-2 e ,
* lag dnt er" cor 8 le” van
r /, rade
ts yfasrary Ja Praa'oee
= "Sy Oar latar, havete Decl ret ¢ eee ook Laws = Cog Giattrn!' Penh’, me
SF at wef pW mwa. ,
Le thins Merville es eg 4
a UBT EEe
a foal eaarercann Be on
o h
Hf Agee?
H E K S
TO C h e e
yt Se pun Wife
Yah Jesuit
e e
ta ch
& Bo ns “C
) II E
Wo py
ni gh
t Lo nd on
a tro—-
« PU maw ones’. Leeonads £6 °C I se,
poke! Printed in England Son oF
vets
, ‘ ? 2D
gee Beet ene, As Italian troops moved to occupy the liberated territories, some of the overprinted stamps were used in the field post offices. Above items show such usage through P.M. 53 (11th Army Corps in Gorizia) and P.M. 87 (26th Army Corps in Pola).
ITALY Trieste Centro Military Mail in Venezia Giulia 21 February 1919
a te 2 8th aimee Sy
Aviazione Ra. Marina/T rieste . 4 March 1919
CARTOLINA POS (CARTE POST,IBS
yo r,
_ TRVAAZIONS 2. MARINA]
Waish =POSTA AURHA A
DiREZIONE DEL. BERVIZI_ AEROSMITH
RIN]
= :
NSE neon NaS aati ene a6 UN Se Tile deere Re NS ee) SG 7 wee aN coe a. SHG et ee ” Dee oad ee ee eee a
In the newly occupied territory, roads were bad and ports were mined, so there no good means of sending important communications. As a result, the Royal Navy Air Service inaugurated a Transadriatic air mail route, which functioned from November 1918 to late 1919. Special boxed cachets of the RNAS were applied to such mail. Note the additional marking "Headquarters of the Royal Seaplane Station/Trieste" on the official cover.
ITALY Posta Militare 2 Occupation of Austria 17 February 1919
Posta Militare 87
18 June 1919 >
“
a s
O e
:
t o r e
oD e u g e
“4
- mn “
08 ,
ZO RI CH
t i m
P U P Y
r n s
& a “
S E
a a d
3
“ o e r
ff
ong . J
2 P r e y
8
“ y e F R ? be
g o
“ w i s
°
in ae
ot
SC U N E R A S ,
uu st ve rl ar :
Al bi n
Sa ss it z, o e
a S
ke NQ
a )
~
a C S
In addition to occupying the Trentino and Venezia Giulia, Italian troops moved north into Austria proper. Upper card sent from P.M. 2 in Landeck, North Tirol. Lower card from P.M. 87 in Villach, Carinthia.
ITALY Posta Militare 151 Occupation of Austria 14 March 1919
Posta Militare 124
8 June 1919
ap Ae
‘
Ig.
ak ad .
ma ii fe
Jo s.
Do ub y
. 7
Salon Prague. Saree
~ £ - 9
-S b o n a ,
S = .
,
s : 5
P.M. 151 operated in Austria from November 1918 to November 1919. The card above was sent from Innsbruck, the capital of the Tirol. P.M. 124 was in Austria from November 1918 to September 1919. Lower card has the cachet of the "Telegraph Service of the Italian Military Armistice Commission/Vienna."
ITALY Posta Militare 124 Occupation of Austria 13 July 1919
ts aa x08 (
otoelt aR tp alps a. Pf OGPSELLSCHAPT F Gieaparscrt 1S SEES L EST LEE SL LOO
In April 1919 a special semi-official vignette was printed for the use of the Italian Military Mission in Vienna to prepay fees on airmail frown back home on Italian planes. These were affixed to letters and cancelled with a two- line marking "Aspern Airfield." Only 42 copies of this label were issued. The sender's address on the back of the cover above is noted as "Italian Armistice Mission Caproni, Aspem Field, Vienna, Austria."
AV YO GK Y®
[ A I N A ,
ITALY
5 ; Occupation of Dalmatia 4 Febrany 1919
January 192]
CARTOLINA POSTALE ITALIANA IN FRANCHIGIA
sw congferaygnn DELLAXR>s
: XN PS VN \
aN sy Ny SA s Xv 2 Yi Nag
WW oY NS 6 Re _ » - S XS a Ya “
S\N > g \ 0 SY ALLL ADE
ENS st Eg a re aE Ay Gay Sn 3 - ge Sf. - el oie CL as OE : . : Si ‘| at Fatt
3 = o ° eee
5 eg eo E 3 i
OVERNO DE aca n 2
‘HE DELLE ISOLg ae
7:
! {
Na ve
_ __
|
_S it ur an te
S S F
SN
Lo ee BTL. . ae A all ap £e, S
eaters
wd Js é fp
Mindful of the conflicting claims of the Slavs to the Adriatic coastline, Italy moved quickly to occupy the ports of Curzola, Sebenico and Zara. Only after the peace settlement did the Italians withdraw from the first two cities: only its claim to Zara and a small hinterland was upheld.
The naval postal card has the cachet of the "Government of Dalmatia, the Dalmatian Islands and Curzola." The cover has a similar imprinted return address and a cachet reading "Naval High Command/Dalmatia."
ITALY Curzola Occupation of Dalmatia 12 March 1920
Sebenico . Sa. . p >> a 2 “/ ing
4s a a Oe ous BZA ITLL aes
Zara 28 January 1919
rs ee
f
- ¥F
Gey
38 Al Ne rons Rae és A Dy :
OHSS ort a ec RAE g cy ‘ 3 a mn
A.
G i l a r d i &
Fi gl
io ,
Za ra . se KY
:
Ste.
ee. :
40 42
Special postmarks inscribed "Italian Posts" and the names of the larger Dalmatian towns were introduced and
used until the final territorial agreement was completed. (The Curzola card was sent from a sailor on the
destroyer R.C.T. Fucilere.)
ITALY Curzola
Occupation of Dalmatia 23 December 1920
erg Tae m Seer RRR he my SOLON = ae “ft 3 wee oe cewe = ae ee atic an Seat aston
i. 7a —<=-. 1 , S576 | forttdat rola sal
RIZZO PST unparansasunel
A toa
d aer
a na
a
-¥ia, mumero di casa ‘Ulica, hisna, St Strasse,” Hausnuiimer -
Ultima posta (Provinciay* Zadnja posta idageiay, 2 Letzte Post (Land). -
Gli spazi marcati vanno riempiti dal mittente. — Debelo obroblijene dela izpolni odpo-| : siljatelj- — Die stark umrabmten Teile sind yor Absender- suscufillen. a
oS dates , a ‘Taanamek podtne odpravne smeri
ie i sPeatieliversins _-
Parcel card with block of 10 of one corona stamps on front (with additional biock of 9 on reverse) sent from Curzola (Korcula) to Veglia (Krk): both of these Adriatic islands were turned over to the South Slay state after the Treaty of Rapallo. An extraordinary franking with large multiples of the highest value overprints.
ITALY Postal Express Service No. 975 American Forces 10 July 1919
7 Pose wa ey
coh « |
Posta Militare 92-A
27 March 1919
EAP EZ Og? — "Barer | - PLD GPLS Jere page Gogh wrtZeg? pez SO iT igherwes, 892 - Feo y,
—_——-_ # ge ee Prt ‘yi
Pe BAe a o
sz Pe eriige epee a
Snot on Ho\ Ps ESS he
UM toep oe E LEELLGS 1 EPS ? VE 7 TAeleciy Gr tes two CG BS
= 7 o2e7, / FOC Ce
? Fox pogo Hea? FoF Cede ip > 4
4 ‘ \ ‘
GOW Doge hit, PIMLLZ ? EL afi OBE
_ R72 Zerg. oe (
i Bel S ey After the Armistice, a small number of U.S. forces were sent to Trieste. Postcard above sent by a lieutenant
serving with the U.S. Food Administration. It was carried by the courier service to Paris where it was postmarked
at APO 975. Navy detachments were stationed in the former Austrian naval bases at Trieste and Pola. Lower
postcard is datelined "Pola, Istria, ex-Austria” and the return address reads "c/o U. S. Naval Port Office, Trieste.” The FPO postmark was assigned to the Italian 61st Division.
ITALY Trieste British Forces 17 February 1919
British Naval Transport Offices operated in a number of major ports in Italy, expediting the inflow of supplies. Such activities were extended to Trieste after the withdrawal of the Austrians. Cachets of these units are scarce and sought after by collectors of naval mail.
FIUME
Fiume was the primary Hungarian port on the Adriatic. When Creatia seceded from Hungary on 29 October
1918, Croatian volunteers moved in and occupied Fiume. They remained in control until 17 November, when an
Interallied occupation force arrived. The Allies then administered the city until 12 September 1919, when the
adventurer-poet Gabriele d'Annunzio staged a coup and took charge. Under the Treaty of Rapallo signed in
November 1920, Fiume was designated as a Free City; it was later annexed by Italy on 12 January 1924.
Forerunners % Fiume 17 November 1918
EE} ETS a al TIES y. Te me Sa Se = " —y- ST Se eg oe 4
"SE. CORENICH - FIUME » : i we oe ee OP be 0 ee RE ok ae oe ia yee x 5 re: “. ° ”."Mia’ Fratelli Branchetta 78 pp ae °
e ‘Ufficle-tnfd#mazioni ed Incassi °°}. = Informatic : es ~Rappresentanze. Moe
2 3 >
IF IC AT O
WR
.V
A few of the Croatian "SHS Hrvatska" overprints are known used in Fiume on 16 and 17 November 1918, just
prior to the arrival of the Allied troops. This presents an unexplained anomaly as the overprinted stamps were
supposedly not issued until the 18th. Nevertheless, the cover shown above is backstamped for arrival at Latisana
in Udine Province on the 20th.
FIUME Fiume Provisional Overprints 4 February 1919
10 March 1919
re
Se ee ae eee
As occurred elsewhere in the liberated territories, the old stamps of the Monarchy continued to be valid for postage for a considerable time into 1919, either on their own or in mixed franking with overprints.
Fiume
29 March 1919 goer, —9Pe
1 Open]
i(anorsbiegnap ip
o r i ) ,
‘iddiithe wun
:(epayayy Ispyortepuoy)
#
o e
#
1 P U R
opUatUIN}InEd ounoyprey
9 07197009]
D L a z U D I E
Up 9.t90}.008
.t2j0a 1p
D D I a d
16)
iAUpAPH youryzo
sopuod sy
ysyay O}Vysuslg
a u n }eae
U G P U A T ”
= H L
Coda
= Sal
10a
Auyayn
sa y a s p z s o f s o w
sopuyuayy !
ayuaaaaLe Jap
3Ueore
DAIU OPUSO][O
ZV
Dp osshusvay
my
T U P T U A T ,
FIUME Provisional Overprints
J ~ ete, errs me epee me ne er aaN Diagn, La rave fy apply SEs, Re ee ee eRe nam Denese mm enn seen anne eee nnn man
Telegram to Trieste franked with four different corona values, including the elusive 10 corona, among others.
FIUME Posta Militare 83
First Definitives 16 March 1919
- Fiume 9 June 1919
di
FIUME , 4
ARR, Postex,
AF comnyno conro aonueszzone | INTER YLLESTO )
i
1
| { \
| P A P R O M . ny \
| a pomeer— |
A Cannan tnt boa tt bane Lorin | GE Br te oe. ; !
ag ha
st
RR TR E
M a e
3
y A, j
e
On 30 January 1919 the Allies issued a pictorial set inscribed "Fiume" with symbolic designs. These stamps were valid for postage until 30 April 1920.
Military cover above has cachet on reverse from "Headquarters Interallied Occupation Corps in Fiume." Lower cover is inbound to the President of the Interallied Commission.
FIUME Posta Militare 83 Military Mail 5 February 1919
23 April 1919
CARTOLINA POSTALE ITALIANA ¢ Carle postale ' ltalie- UFFICIO FRISPOSTA (Réponse)
WAS) rte ures ORE INTs rhs Leste . csi
Gioacchino-Saraceni -
. . fo 3.
en OR ine ; (ORE . “ROMA Sa, 2 nn wi mol, «pose gE he ee. ee So.
Pacts anatase pe ts eT tg Be Dee Ti
Vn dw Vande. 2 me we CORMAN no fgie Bs
$ Gop dq’ ogetpaz! ond init! vettelgae ay
QUARTIER CENERN
ho et © chs eT 8g? Y vs PLOTC) 3£ AUTQNOMO | — i - “4 # = Meth a Derren oe Levant on oP ee!
1
/ nvor Anh o Mie.
i As nyt ao eowmrsiade,
a Oo,
\
? ede tf ——=—"
—~ ad
Italian troops entered Fiume on 5 November 1918. However, due to threats from the loca] militia, this activity was conducted on behalf of the "Interallied Occupation Corps for Fiume,"” which was reflected in the cachets used on the soldiers’ mail.
FIUME Fiume D'Annunzio Definitives 29 March 192]
9 May 1921
6 8
Att 9. ee
After the coup d'etat, new stamps were issued with the portrait of D'Annunzio. A set of these with overprint "Provisional Government" was issued on 2 February 1921 and was valid for postage until 21 May 1922.
FIUME Posta Militare/Fiume d'Ttalia Military Issues 12 September 1920
Fiume d'Italia/Posta Militare
ere 10 December 1920
i ic LD.¢
!
Military set used on registered cover on the only day of validity.
iH wee
aqeaaaa
Three different proof overprints (all capital letters)
of the "Regency" issue used on local registered cover.
A set of four stamps commemorating the first anniversary of D'Annunzio's coup was issued on 12 September
1920 for use by the Legionnaires on that day. In November, D'Annunzio proclaimed himself as Commandant of
the Italian Regency of the Carero when his troops occupied the islands of Arbe and Veglia.
v o
e a
8 a
Sy 2
6 Ze A o
O oO
S A
3 0
“ =
8 Et 2 » E 3 iL,
wm vo a Ww Ww dl
We 23 ome i
f e e
16 December 1920
y e
5s
R
Oro
1 a he ;
“+
7 iera Via Flli Band
UH SE I BR = we
é
20 November 1920 and y of the Carnero was issued on : g the Italian Regenc >
ge until 5 January 1921.
The overprinted set commemoratin was valid for posta
FIUME Arbe
Military Issues 28 November 1920
. 7 ! Veglia Arbe= Rab 2 2A ER 26 November 1920
x ee: &
fist vile del Distretto Politico di Veglia: awaimisSariato, Ci
a -
Pi x a
2 . ce eu cee acecceccetecccecececssecccreettonsecsensecsrstescscersccsses cscs ssweeabs ces sans cress ies ce
ay bevwewnerath, ZS j .
A small number of sets overprinted initially for the Regency were re-overprinted "Arbe" and "Veglia" and issued on 13 November 1920 for use on the newly captured islands. However. due to pressure from the Italian government, the Legionnaires were forced to evacuate the islands, restoring the authority of the South Slav state.
FIUME Bnitish Naval Transport Office/Fiume British Forces 26 March 1919
Army Post Office L.14 18 October 1919
ie “7 “45% wave a
Covers shown above attest to the presence of British Army and Navy personnel in Fiume during the period of the Interallied occupation. Examples are quite elusive.
FIUME Tresor et Postes 520 French Forces 13 January 1919
Poste aux Armees *_*
9 March 1919
“24
Following the armistice with Austria-Hungary, Allied troops occupied Fiume. the main Hungarian port on the. Adriatic on 5 November 1918 and remained there until 13 September 1919, the day after the d'Annunzio coup..
ROMANIA
Unlike the Czechoslovaks, Poles and South Slavs, who had to create entirely new nations following World War I, Romania was an already existing entity with its own government and armed forces. Nevertheless, it faced great administrative problems in absorbing huge new territories, including Bucovina from Austria as well as the Banat and Transylvania from Hungary. For the most part, these lands were simply occupied by the Romanian army at the end of 1918 and then officially annexed later in accordance with the peace treaties.
Forerunners
Hungarian Republic postal card uprated with 5 bani Romanian
overprint. Censored at Oradea Mare.
The stamps of Hungary continued to be valid for postage in Transylvania.
Domnu lui
S. Bayer
Hotel New-York
Cluj
Kolozsvar
29 September 1919
Nagy- Varad
8 March 1920
Old royal Hungarian imprinted envelope in mixed franking with Romanian overprint.
# Le: 3S U/l
Dehhegracovele,
aaPe teen rt ee ot
ee, Zp yn rrr
Lowen ve
ite tH,
Elbe Magyar Gilami nyomda, Budapest, 1919,
~~
franking with the Romanian provisionals and definitives.
we
777
EQ eu
P27 CE III,
‘7
?
wren Jaan
2
“he . LEVELEZO- LAP Sige
Zon bony ace
f
OG Pe
either on their own or in mixed
ROMANIA Arad Transylvania Provisionals 1919
Nagyszeben 3 August 1919
a? AUREL RUSSU
ARAD ‘ ecren
= 2 f x
Fhin oT " SS ‘ oan
str. RomANULUI t/a, (ROMANIA).
—i—
LDL EE 2 CLDLED |
ym Ua 0.
{
i 3| Hagyszeben 1 =
sz 1) 874
wa le
In July 1919, the Romanian authorities began to issue provisional stamps for occupied Transylvania, with the overprints inscribed "Romanian Administration PTT." Two different printings were made, which differ in whether the Romanian currency designation is in mixed upper and lower case (Oradea printing) or in all capital letters (Cluj printing).
ROMANIA Czermowitz Bucovina Forerunners 2 November 1918
ep ne nc en mm nl bl no ns
a x
At the time of the armistice. Romanian troops occupied Bucovina, which was the easternmost province of Austria. As in other occupied areas, stamps of the Monarchy continued in use. In the case of Bucovina. which issued no provisional overprints, this period extended until the fall of 1919 when Romanian stamps were introduced.
ROMANIA Czermowitz Bucovina 21 September 1919
4 June 1920
An js
nisterium in Lia quidatiom—
-' Sektion 15 OF : . - ‘ o - A ,
, 2 ie et PAS ~ g om
by
ee
-
Radeckiplatz : .
— HotelHUnguria IT.Stock)
=
Ne? os ‘ oe isa Sea naleantiig
| Czernowitz 1-—- 7
£;
~ ee * : i
‘4 ~ a. i |
POR NS e se Se NG way _
Sibi D “Se5 -- wo Se eS 4. ie ee Cee (erene. Lyalvecsti ‘a Pafprabetae A, /Dypapodt sch ty ~ * i
Ta AS om z i f | SNe BY : PDT ecciee iy (tS |
“Mie =" oo s4 } atone, |
eS ; Ss ! |
2g: “IN ! Pe
x — 4 :
‘Ss Wi. Fe Yelle tt fis, a : 4 SS . owe
Romania was awarded the territory of Bucovina under the Treaty of St. Germain signed by Austria on 10 September 1919. Shortly thereafter, regular Romanian postage was introduced for use there. Items shown above still indicate use old Austrian postmark of Czernowitz (Cernauti) and registry labels but Romanian censorship cachets were applied.
ROMANIA Temesvar Banat Provisionals 23 October 1919
31 October 1919
Registered cover sent to Kolozvar with set of 17 August overprints.
Teximtetes
=
TR i] Tanesar 3]
——<—<—<$<—$—<—— *
\
ee =|
st
3 "=
3 korona overprint a7 in mixed franking a
i i 1 = . fe * 4
with earlier Serbian wa p30 é'ipfant erie | Overprints on a SL, 5 ‘ se registered cover to — “<¢
is. t s : Paris Note the é _¢ en congé circular cachet = - " ~ r=
™ Cenzura Romana NE Timisoara.” aeat Se
X 3
= = Ss
= “3° es
“Ss XS
mn = :
On 17 August 1919, just three days before the Romanian authorities arrived. the local officials in Temesvar (Timisoara) issued one last set of provisional overprints. These remained valid for postage until 15 March 1920.
ROMANIA
Banat Forerunners
] ‘ : ss
‘ YALE Wi.
a4
* . @
Bae AR KIRFCSTA S| . 2 > ei
te gesell aatateae See as
hoof Miller.
ag Ny
2 n° 7 IT Lae
5 Ole, a ‘ < : % “ps iD “ti oe ey
Low ker, Etta ayomda. Budapest, 1918, os at , = . | os a
Cover to U-S. franked with Royal Hungarian stamps, including wartime semi-postals. Note the circular cachet "Cenzura Romana Timisoara."
(1S)s <3
te
= ‘od > oa A, fo : ie
Eanes 2 ib ve ff. Ty
ar
Herkulesfurdo
26 November 1919
Temesvar
7 December 1919
Royal Hungarian postal card uprated with "Republic" Overprints then censored at Oradea.
wa
The Romanian authorities permitted the use of old Hungarian stamps during the latter part of 1919 and into the following year. These were accepted for postage whether issued by the Monarchy, the Republic or mixed usage.
ROMANIA Debreczen
First Debreczen Provisionals 22 November 1919
Hajdudorog ag ~~ Ty oo, 29 December 1919 Qa gyde Stenwiny liasasdy | —_
A
3 Debreczen i
Li Ay 6142
yo LS.
Czin:—~
y} a.
Bu
da pe
st ,
tu ii
.
& GS
4 As : >” ;
& falje: aN réspere :
"ay SNE Z im é
: pf
In addition to the annexed areas, the Romanian army also occupied large parts of eastern and central Hungary. For the area around Debreczen, about 90 different stamps were provided by overprinting various Hungarian issues with "Romanian Occupation Zone PTT" in an oval. These remained valid for postage until the Romanians withdrew on 20 March 1920. Note two different Romanian censorship cachets with spelling "Debretin."
t d
Si R
TR US
S LEE R a a a
ROMANIA Debreczen
Second Debreczen Provisionals 27 December 1919
17 January 1920
Somewhere the Romanians obtained a supply of unissued stamps of the Hungarian Republic and overprinted them with "Romanian Occupation Zone PTT" ina circle. This issue is rarely seen on covers.
ROMANIA Field Post & Telegraph Office/Budapesta Occupation of Budapest 16 September 1919
Censura Postul/Budapesta 12 October 1919
Moving against the Soviet Hungarians, Romanian troops occupied Budapest on 3 August 1919. This caused the Bolshevik administration to collapse and. after a brief time, the Hungarian National government in Szeged was able to move back to the capital when the Romanians withdrew on 14 November. The philatelic evidence of the Romanian occupation is sparse. but they did have a special military cancellation and censor marking as shown.
ROMANIA Field Post & Telegraph Office
Kolomea Provisionals 20 July 1919
Kolomyja 19 August 1919
pes i : W
fs ef islmozgny Pan
oF A Cevdsiath >
— oh » 1 #
Ee 8 i /F3 - é
a begtte ‘te
my Po tt y
a t
eae -
For a brief period, Romanian forces occupied part of eastern Galicia around Kolomea, known as Pocutia. In this
area. Austrian stamps were hand overprinted "C.M.T. (Termitorial Military Command)" and a new value. These
stamps were issued on 28 June 1919 and were valid only until the Romanians withdrew in favor of Poland on 29
August 1919.
ROMANIA
Peczkowo Kolomea Provisionals
2 July 1919
Kolomyja 19 August 1919
x H KOPALNIA NAPTY
BERLA LANTNERA | ae ” SLOBODZIE RUNGURSKIEJ.
fe
4
‘ ont
Te
S a
el
&.
Molomea 1
hi 759
Additional examples of the Romanian occupation stamps for Pocutia. shown used on local Postcard and in international registration service.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
As World War I ended. the first part of the Hapsburg Empire to break away was Czechoslovakia, which declared
its independence on 28 October 1918. This new nation was considered a successor state of Austria-Hungary and
consisted of five distinct parts. Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia had been parts of the Austrian Empire, while
Slovakia and Ruthenia had been included in the Kingdom of Hungary.
Forerunners Bmx
28 October 1918
Nyitra 29 October 1918
Picture postcard mailed from Bohemia on the first
_* Lh Ln KMesbeiabees day of Czechoslovakian
ae
eee Area ee
a independence. Such usage is highly sought after by
Creche cadet ped tus Lge specialists.
---
Ve rl ag s
Fr au z
Sc hu st er ,
W x
- - — - — - — -
+ +
Bor age
+ tg
ir en e
he
. ;
#
to ry \
Picture postcard mailed from Slovakia on second day of independence.
| NS arg 23 N
SIR JOSHUA REWYOLDS, geb.16. SR1723 zu Plym z (Devonshire), gest. 23, Juli 1792 zu London, Schiteh
mt ‘Thomas Hudson in London, weitergebildet in
a Li b
talien, + Neben Romney einer der besten englischen
et Idnismaler des 18, Jahrhunderts. Er i tiber 3% 2000 Bildnisse: gemalt haben. on ‘Galas, Sacustitdee Te
The stamps of the Monarchy continued to be valid for postage in Czechoslovakia until 28 February 1919, either
on their own or in mixed franking with the new Czechoslovak definitives.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA Praha Semi-Official Issues
25 November 1918 SPT Pa tition a seas a mpegs oi 21 December 1918
FOE ea Se a were a ae a yet IRS Ore verse 8,
Cover with the 10 haleru
value of the
first (un-
overprinted) scout issue. Each item
was signed by the scout handling it.
~ STE CYC Gee et.”
te a
e b
LA AN
A R R R R R R
Cover with 20
haleru value of the
Overprinted issue used on the only day of its validity. 7 " : _ ee 2° = Such covers are a see x — — re highly sought after. oon oF =
a\", oo « ent>
The most famous of the local issues were the two denominations inscribed sanctioned by National Committee for use onl functionaries which were delivered by boy sc and Parliament from 7 to 25 November. arrival of President Masaryk in Prague, w
“Czech Scout Posts.” These were y on messages between its headquarters and certain government
out couriers to the railway station, telephone exchange, City Hall A second issue, consisting of 600 sets Overprinted to commemorate the
as used only on 21 December. Listed as "semi-official" by Michel
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Local Issues
Strakonice
14 November 1918
Bmo
24 January 1919
So-called "Budweis" overprints
5 j + ey, postal card.
Private overprints used on special delivery cover from Bmo 1 in Moravia. Backstamped for receipt at Brno 2 the following day.
ES
tibeen fithe
idee CO ie tedgde 70
Some local authorities and even private groups "jumped the gun” in the rush to use Czechoslovak stamps instead
of the old Imperial ones. Although such overprints were not officially sanctioned, a number of them were used
temporarily for the franking of mail.
were
F rN already prepared
Do NTT. on 1 November
fat 1918. Shown
{Up iatite ; here used on special delivery
CZECHOSLOVAKIA Praha First Definitives Used in Bohemia-Moravia
24 January 1919 First Definitives Used in Slovakia "
Kassa
7 April 1919
. Gog oo" Ree ‘ :
- CET: : - * eon > :
—
/ . ) * Setar” ! ,
ae “ed . al Lr Zing a tty ore o~ y ©} meee SE ,
. a re
SR POsTOVA POUKAZKA na 5% K— 5, 3h
7 oo.
Miesto L, 80 ae a. PPS _
Wlica, Sislo domu v a Y mer Of
?osledna posta (zem)
Hrubo oramované nech vyplni odosielatel/
Prijaté pod éislom Zadaoé dia Pediatka okresna Potpr stového Uradnika || i, | Se i ‘ 2 . “» TF? a
MWe
For propaganda reasons, the government was highly desirous of getting new Czech stamps into circulation. and the first two values (5 and 10 haleru) of the definitive stamps designed by Alfons Mucha were issued on 18 December 1918. Three additional values (3, 20 and 25 haleru) were prepared by year-end. and many additionai denominations came out during 1919 and 1920. All of these depicted the Hradcany, palace of the former kings of Bohemia, and the St. Vitus Cathedral.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA Jablonkow, Slask.
First Definitives Used in Silesia 30 August 1920
First Definitives Used in Ruthenia Seredne
4 August 1920
Note the use of new
bilingual registry label. (A majority of the inhabitants of this area
are ethnic Ukrainians.)
While most Czechoslovakian mail originated in Bohemia. Moravia and Slovakia, covers can also be obtained
from Silesia and Ruthenia (also known as Carpatho-Ukraine). As is apparent from the use of old postmarking
devices nearly two vears after independence. events moved rather slowly in these areas.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Provisional Issue Kral. Vinohrady 27 December 1919
Karlin 29 December 1919
pda KERN STN ANA,
Because of the
circumstances involving their issue, including the 50% premium over postal value, most of the covers’ franked with provisional stamps show an obvious philatelic influence.
j Kr. Vinohrady 1
N) 1004
Registered cover with 10 koruna high value of the Overprinted set. Overfranked but very elusive.
Unlike the other successor states, Czechoslovakia did not officially overprint the old Imperial stamps in the early days of the Republic. However, demonetized stamps with a face value of 7 million koruna were sent in to the postal authorities from post offices throughout the country. In order to not waste this potentially valuable asset and to meet the clamor from the philatelic community, 64 different Austrian and 55 Hungarian stamps were overprinted "Czechoslovak Posts 1919" and placed on sale 12 December 1919 at the philatelic window in Prague at a 50% premium over face. The Overprints were valid for postage until 31 January 1920.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA Pizen
Provisional Issue 31 December 1919
Praha
31 January 1920
The franking on the adjacent cover includes one overprinted postage due that was treated as a regular postage stamp in this period.
Q “\ > 7129-5
a ree
ry ey ~ Ss.
' |
Registered cover from Prague used on the last date of postal validity for the overprints.
OB aha EG a8
Overprinted Austrian and Hungarian stamps were valid for postage throughout Czechoslovakia. Thus, although
the above covers are franked with overprinted Hungarian issues, they originated in Pilsen and Prague, cities
located in former Austrian territory.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA Occupation of Hungary
Ceskoslovenska Polni Posta 75 17 May 1919
ay
te
4 Lobe Game Se aan atm rete
eee oot an
ae ject ao whet ae
SO a [PA Ee Me are ast ff LM parade ie ; tee
2, tl deedbentertmn ached S, Gel, sclont mmo, * ZAHOPNIAS ate” shee he helene, ie reba 4 oe gpomiidee maria
©
eu ia eae shawn dle lis iE ro |
a
A large portion of the Czechoslovak army (including other volunteers) was deployed in the south in an effort
oF ene Co lldanon o
Picture postcard with Field Post Office cancel sent by a soldier during the temporary occupation of Miskolc, a city located nearly 40 miles inside Hungary.
legionnaires returned from France and Italy, Sokols and to establish favorable new borders between Slovakia and Hungary. In the spring of 1919, the Czech troops penetrated well into ethnic Hungary, occupying Miskolc on 2 May. However, a Hungarian counterattack started in mid- -May a
Examples of identifiable mail from such locations are very scarce.
nd successfully cleared the area.
*
CZECHOSLOVAKIA Iglo Military Mail 11 January 1919
Pozsony
|e .t.7 #2 ot 26 April 1919 7. Levelezé-Lap
Bratislava
5 July 1919 \ r h
Sa l
‘ in
He nr
lk ,
‘t el .
std
pure E5K0-S0y2, =
pei gonrad z Tage Sep 738
A temporary rectangular field postmark was ‘used in Bratislava for only a one-month period in the
summer of 1919.
From the outset, the new borders between Slovakia and Hungary were in dispute. As early as 2 November 1918
the first Czechoslovak troops were sent from Bohemia and Moravia into Slovakia to enforce the claims. Mail sent by soldiers not located near a field post office was normally cancelled with the datestamp of the nearest town.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA Ceskoslovenska Polni Posta 75 Military Mail 5 February 1919
. fx Ceskoslovenska Polni Posta 46 \ foe 17 March 1919
3l
Ceskoslovensko Polni Posta 22 10 July 1919
wy. oo
| é
{ .
+
Z a w
ll e
so
'
vd x ‘ytd pp
“> & . ie “> ‘\ OLDRICH CIHELKA: re SS dy
Narodni kroje — Béhmische Nationaltrachten - ,,% nye fo Czes. kroje narodowe | fe : Pr ‘Ts —y
} ’ Les costumes nationales tchéques — -. int le d's ~~ _Ueuc. xapoxunti Kpoit { ae Oe st ee ee Bae cea Niece
: s y
B . Nedgnc) oS 8 pNesses pe Sis STR PL
SL RES | h [eiheo Y 700 of? » me “a Pe
as eA?
y <8 x ok
7 ny, Fl eoweee 195
LEVELEZ6O-LAP.
: May tu val ten nods. a wi CK : , Ke
i i r U |
/ fermovaiut Wide lode iy 2 Len. ble
The first three field post offices were established on 1 January 1919. Of these, #22 was set up for the troops of Colonel Sembera at Kosice, #46 was for the troops of Colonel Hrbensky in Uzhorod and #75 was established at Czechoslovak army HQ at Kosice. As suggested by the types of cachets used on the mail, many of the soldiers were former legionnaires who had served in France or Italy and brought their unit markings home with them.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA Military Mail
Polni Posta 14
19 March 1920
Cesko-Slovenska Polni Posta 38
29 April 1920
meal -_ — 3 .
oe ae eitss Rise svatebr¢) esiGhty ¢ Naszut ant th
yy Qs
sn nek
ove
{Baraseuil: Auf lichten Héhen. Na svétlych vysindch.
e t e
a ¥ L’aspettazione. —
: Pt» En oS of (ee SN oe | = Yn Pe Ae | 8 Soe
S. S. e | 2 at & cs | ‘ 2
SA Ge Se | . a? \ oy * | 2 3 7 SB
+ ¢ 3 C- ate BS = - ~ = allen
— BN | ars 5 : ee 2 2 3 1S - xg Oo Sed 8 «| oS a
-& = S CE oe = eS Cc yes er By ly EEE ‘ < ae ‘Sa
Gz fs Sf oa ra 5 =~ i : <= - ‘s Oo.) etl ar a oS eR me. OS ‘ Ss eer i Cs e a = ’ fea x
SOF Slo et 3 ~ * =
MN c -4 od = ~ — & a
2 = é ‘ s eee
He Po 2.0... ft. Sc t. oe "
* Sa. Be) ATO Sat
L P O P P O
P D D I D O
:
| |
Additional FPOs were opened as necessary, with a total of twenty being created. One of the last of these was #14, opened at Uzhorod on 30 August 1919. However, the signing of an armistice with Hungary on 24 June 1919 meant a reduction of military activity and less business for the field post offices. Thus, on 8 July 1920, all of the FPOs in Slovakia and Ruthenia were closed down.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
American Forces
A small number of
American officers was
assigned to various supervisory duties in Prague. No APO was to be established in Czechoslovakia, so the mail was carried to
Paris by the official U.S. courier service,
where it was turned
over to the military post office for processing. Less than a dozen such
covers are recorded.
Postal Express Service No. 975 18 August 1919 29 August 1919
: . 2
o.oo, A. Brauxman, a5. CAN CONSULAR SERVICE
c = ss e+e, srague,
ef La vs Sf o
oh
wet og
- Mrs. E, H. Braukman,
1559 Steele 3treet, ae
Denver, Colorado.
7
CZECHOSLOVAKIA Amsdorf b. Haida American Relief Organizations 21 October 1919
wrens
Praha 4 September 1920 Naplite ve vlasinim z4fmu obé adresy zcela SID
_ 2¥etelné.
Beide Adressen sind in elgenem Inieresse leser- fo lich zu schreiben.
~ <
UPOZORNENTI. Hodlé-li prijemce této dopisnice aagiath pence = soukromé osobé v Ceskoslovenské republice, necht odevzda tuto dopisnici kterékoliv bance ve svem bydlisti. Pokud tato banka jest? neni pougena, dluzno ji upozorniti, Ze penézni z4-
. silky do Ceskoslovenské republiky obstariva The American Relief Administration for Czechoslovakia 115 Broadway, New York Cily. . 8
NOTICE. This card is issued by the Prague Branch (7 Mi- kuldska, Prague) of the American Relief Administration ope- rating under act of Congress of Feb. 24, 1919, Its purpose
» as officially authorized, is to allow individuals in Czechoslo- vakia to communicate with individuals in the U.S. The-U. S. banks whose clients desire to send personal remittances to’.
_ezechoslovak individuals can obtain. full information from, | _ -The American Relief Administration for Czecho- . ‘slovakia, 115 Broadway, New York City. a®
_ ZUR BEACHTUNG., Falls der Empfanger dieser Postkarte an eine in der Cechoslowakischen Republik befindliche Privat- person Geld zu versenden beabsichtigt, muss er’ dieselbe
Zeincr Bank seines Wohnortes iibergeben. Ist diese Bank noch . Snicht infermiert, muss ihr mitgeteilt werden, dass Geldiendun-: |- tigen nach der Cechoslowakischen Republik The American _ } Relief . Administration for Cz.“ : 2 ¢ Broadway, New York City besorgt? . S lichen Instruktionen iber Verlangen ert! 2 . ae We a et c ore ==
‘
~, BYES
Pebervarays fy
NN
As in other areas of Central Europe, the American relief organizations provided food, medicine and other humanitarian aid. The American Relief Administration was prominent in this effort. Note the special ARA postal stationery printed to make it easy to communicate with friends and relatives in the United States.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA U.S. Army MPES 702 American Relief Organizations 7 August 1919
Jagerndorf 27 May 1920
pcs Dei = <8 pm 2 MITTEE
« g as f RAG Lene a
—_—_———— OO
Ways \ -_<+ .
“ aa ae
ie riends of Citizens of Czechoslo- *. pakia in America: :
1 hesdmerican Relief Administration hae : | established food warehouses throughout
og . . “Czecho-Slovakia for the general relief of tire apeoplc, Fourceaun buy at banks in the Unites _ States an tamerican Relief— Administration Warehouse F6od Draft and send the draft
: ifo any one-in Czecho-Slovakia whom you “ “< desire ta: heln,-Your friend or relative in
‘| s¥ Czecho-Slovakia can. present the draft at the “2 nearest American Relief: Warehouse and re-
“S.ceive the equipdlent value of ‘the draft in “American flour, milk, ‘fats and other foods. “This .system insures -delivery. Individual |
ackages from America are _areatly delayed “and are often lost. The American Relief Ad- ministration is nnio fecding daily 500.000 chil-
dren in Czecho-Slovakia as a gift of the ‘" American people, hut the parents of these
children need your help, Help these people in their distress and send a Food Drait quickly to the address given on the other side.
For further information anply to your own or the: nearest hank or tao the American Re- a ACTIN ES EOE, 115, Srey New York.
i vy Swi z = wh TS wh oe BS
i
The U.S. Food Administration also had a mission in Prague. Cover from a lieutenant in the mission was sent by military pouch to Paris where it entered the mails. Postcard was used as propaganda for the ARA program to provide food from its warehouse if appropriate payment were made by a resident of the U.S.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA Mission Militaire Francaise/Prague French Military Mission April 1919
December 1919
: .
* # . . 7 2 uF : mag 2 eM. 2 ty a hs * o®
MISSION MILITAIRE FRANGAISE. =) 8
yo (DE PRAGUE. nS
J. Be :BalLLIZR3 oS, =
g ceca hoa! faut le : Ye -
(th ad Ueo¢7 . 0 LS li 4itldle
y ob eb
In connection with the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic, a French Military Mission was sent to organize the new army to defend the new frontiers. Various unit cachets were used, as shown above.
' s e e
n e
f
CZECHOSLOVAKIA Mission Francaise en Boheme
French Military Mission June 1919
Chef de l'Aviation Slovaquie November 1919
-
Chef deT’Aviation mili, de“Stovagule. |
Although no field post offices were available, the above military post cards from Prague and Bratislava attest to the presence of French aviation advisors to the Czechoslovak forces in Bohemia and Slovakia.
CZECHOSLOVAKIA Mission Militaire Francaise a Prague French Military Mission 16 July 1919
January 1920
EY G DO Cu
iteur:Capitaine liauduit,mission mikitalre |
> : 4 frangaise & Prague-s—
6.8.4.
Saye NOT Monsieur J.U.F. DUBOIS.
c/o TOYO KISEN KAISHA: -~ . 7 : *
SAN-FRANCGISCD. CAL.
Ae g oe as as, 7
= aan t ‘ Pm
> i “s f met
be mo
: % eat ! Si i a a
' q i
: L
a 2 fr ree esy
GENERAL
\
1,
a 44
Me ee eee te, tel
Marking of the Military Mission in Prague struck in red on cover to California franked at the foreign rate. Lower cover originated in the Carpatho-Ukraine district in the extreme eastern part of Czechoslovakia -- with a previously unrecorded cachet.
EASTERN SILESIA - CZECHOSLOVAK
At the eastern end of Austrian Silesia and the northem fringe of Hungary, there were two small territories which became involved in a dispute between Czechoslovakia and Poland following the armistice. The first was the district of Teschen (Tesin in Czech; Cieszyn in Polish) located in the valley of the Olsa River. The other was the Zips-Arva (Spis-Orava) district to the east in the Carpathian Mountains. An Allied Control Commission had to be sent to the area to separate the antagonists. Initially, it was expected that a plebiscite would have to be held, but at the Spa conference on 10 July 1920, the Czechoslovaks and Poles agreed on the division of the two territories.
Forerunners Teschen
a Se em 4 January 1919 Ae Vaesse/ 19 / Ics Sorps Hofmann “ir &e Invaliden, Wirwen snd
Karwin
5 September 1919 wie cir den Rurpachendenkmul-Foads.
RS Ro ent corre EOS SO, AERA a iid 7~ dt
Initially, old stamps of the Monarchy remained valid for postage. Later. the Czechoslovaks and Poles introduced their own stamps, which can be found in mixed franking with Austrian.
EASTERN SILESIA Frydek S. O. Overprints 22 March 1920
Hrusov
20 July 1920
Mixed use of Czech overprints and unoverprinted values on parcel card is rather extraordinary.
When the Allied Control Commission took over the administration of the territory (2 February 1920) it decided that special overprints reading "S. O. (Silesie Orientale) 1920" should be used rather than those of the two antagonists. In response, the Czechoslovak set was issued in mid-February 1920.
EASTERN SILESIA S. O. Overprints
Komise pro
Because the Czechs
controlled only a small portion of the city of Teschen at the time, a
special postmark was introduced with wording of "Post Office of Czechoslovak Prefecture
in Tesin."
The Czechs felt that they would fare better territorially in the event of a plebiscite. Thus the cover shown above
Pp le
biscit na TéSi
Slezska Ostrava
1 May 1920
Tesine
28 July 1920
nsku.
was used to publicize the "Committee for a Plebiscite in Teschen.”
1
1 | 1
EASTERN SILESIA Stare Hamry ve Slez. S. O. Overprints 17 May 1920
Orlova
25 August 1920
- ke NCAR Stes ry emus se
< ALY . LY. yy Hrusov, Slez. a eae e oe vi Vy 20 July 1920
fee
7 2
we ee r
fh
¥
dey p
PE DY
A)
,
> ve
y a y e
—
2 . _
» -. ‘i ta
. 4) MBS tes - eye
—~
Zola: CLALE
Covers with Eastern Silesian stamps used from smaller villages are elusive and sought by specialists.
EASTERN SILESIA Slezska Ostrava S. O. Overprints 10 March 1920
Maes Sapo Re ties
SS
i
Five thousand copies each of the two high values with portrait of Pres1 ‘ and black, respectively. but sources report that they were not placed on sale as they did not arrive at the postal counters in Eastern Silesia in time. Nevertheless, the above vaiue Jeciarec envelope (for 11.000— koruna in negotiable paper) is shown for the record. (Note stamps were cut o om Diece and later restored to the envelope.)
u
u
EASTERN SILESIA Spisska Stara Ves S. O. Overprints 10 March 1920 Zips-Arva Usage
Javorina 8 April 1920
peda Ts : —>-~.. SES SENS)
Cob Tt: EERO Pitas Cae in R a ON/ “OG
PP. Te
"Nérodnie noviny*"
Redakcia, administrdécia a expedicia -
Vv
Turéianek om - a « 2
jf Sv7atom Martine
The S. O. overprints were also used in the Zips-Arva territory. However, the amount of mail matter processed in the tiny towns of this backwater area was minuscule, and examples on cover are extremely elusive.
EASTERN SILESIA Teschen Military Mail 25 January 1919
18 February 1919
AL oe
_ Pie na Eg
IS 1D VI? 7P> ah a hg
o t
sh
t ra
yv I1
e Ke
a y e
fr
2 Y P h
“9 4
"Sey GL ihe. HE Nolen aL n
Cles hive eee. O flies
am ie
+
‘
| F an g
9)
2 sf
2
‘
S i b i
“9 F E W M
ES Oy
?
~
O F
U E
i f
“a '
: y
ae
4 ~
C
“
“ P r e y
CL n f a r -
99
H e y a n o r
| | / \
nf
|
“y o
)
-
in
yr g
et
JI Ss
e e “i
7
ED
es
4 ,
hd
ay e
A
fy
f o e
T r y p
_ 7
/
g b AS ,
Dy p
ay er
7 0
? i c a ? g y
b
¥) 9 OO ay
’ a ?
ow
/ 70 a
rh o n y .
7
“
. F *
‘l ee s
Cy
“
o o
ao
%
wy
oh a
p c ?
“b o
w-
14
/
y y
7 jf.
at
ve )
r d
a
Vo w
“Hy
1 4 fa a
is
o e .
: f a r ?
caf
Pa nz
er
7 a ,
L G
/ cf , |
v r f r c n t c p s
f l
o e
aan
m e e m e r o
Gg
wa te d s
4 i
/ »
S e e s
r t r e e
f ‘ a n n e
f
. ue
f x a e
be ca y/ ]
os
e t y
p e n a
L e
—
- e e n
of
H a
4 J S 4
The approximately 10,000 Czechoslovak soldiers (mostly returned legionnaires from France and Italy, Sokols and other volunteers) assigned to the disturbed area of Eastern Silesia were entitled to send mail free of postage if appropriate unit cachets were applied.
EASTERN SILESIA Tresor et Postes 184
French Forces 29 May 1920
= TTT .
ory
Pending a vote by the citizens of Eastern Silesia to determine whether this territory should become part of Poland or Czechoslovakia, Allied troops were sent to maintain order. Above cover has cachet of the Headquarters of the Inter-Allied troops in Teschen and Spisz-Orava, the two districts in the plebiscite territory.
KINGDOM OF THE SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES
On 29 October 1918 a new South Slav state was proclaimed in Zagreb, the capital of Croatia. Although the Croats and Slovenians of the former Empire would likely have preferred independence, they were willing to accept amalgamation with the Serbs as an an alternative to the territorial designs of the Italians. On 1 December, King Peter of Serbia was declared King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca). Later to be named the Kingdom of Jugoslavia in 1929.
Forerunners Titel 3 30 November 1918
EPH OR Sona, Be) TY 5 . - typ De aS OO a IES ecember 191 rire . Sart, A: : LiveLez6-LaPy $29 aN a |
| rT ass Er. Nin moeeayPa if Bal wef 8 x APE g PTGS TEifysyT aS re f nad | wed ig % yX Petri ris ji. whin PNG ER peead eer > a Q > \. GS A* , eh F ©’ Es, Picture postcard with oval A-\ie fs ae SS ww , : ki Be ENS fergie: Ma hee... marking reading "Royal CEE es pa dis Rat Roe S oe Serbian/Military 2, ee, A} ¢ ty { Nad m ¥ eo ‘ Censor/Titel.”
P Ryka if a Ebay oa Ben » 5 4 , 4 s 2 D
Sa are dh tat np 8 HEN Pegg tg: 3 :* Sy NY Ct 'S A ya. }=~ Pap. Pt my 7
| t , BPS ft Clos = fers st gt Pass ——— Adee 1S rey “4 Pancsova }
Hungarian postal card uprated for registration. Circular marking of "Royal Serbian/Military Censor/Panchevo."”
“a kr, ‘Wham oyeuda, Hudapest, 1918. ‘ Se = “4
wReieiewr ae sl ade eme e e e
The stamps of the Monarchy continued to be valid for postage in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Croatia and Slovenia for some months after the end of the war. They could be used either on their own or in mixed franking with the South Slav provisionals and definitives.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Croatian Provisionals
bee bree were
ptehr ies EM Ae
SHS high value overprints used on Hungarian parcel post card.
Zapresic 29 November 1918
Vrpolje 20 December 1918
Early use of SHS
registered cover.
. %
iy mas okmadny. kam. ocitovanja rode ili inih izprava.
2 { neme) vrst f
tartalma \ sadrzajy f OO
} Vriednost: =>
oO
S a 3s
. f == = hatlapen) :
“t Mjesto za pri- tava ta fran.
i
trosrész, uteza, hdzszim \ jo grada, uLea, kucni drej J
osta — Zadnia posta nec h A.
’
Postai eléjegyzések. — PoStanske zabiljezbe. he 4 Oh Porto: Kk 3 fe ee a
Postarina: “7 Reet P 3H A _ 3e:
Ertesitési v. kézh. dij: : ne Co . SEAina Gi ouEhviaat Eee a eee : * So .. kg ee cccssees te Doglusnina ili dostévaina ” 4 foie - De
Aandi Gh BE 2 4 a . 7 re A “aA
- Osszey : K = ts wt xe Ukupno: 000 AS Seal = Se. 1
eg ie s
‘a a csomag géngydletéra irni. — A csomagra és a azallitdlevélre Irt czimnex teljasen mag kel! | =
atl na omot zamotka. — Naslov na zamotku mora se posvema slagati s naslavom na odpremnc, . _ .
Large quantities of Hungarian stamps remained in the Croatian post offices at the end of the war. A total of 33
different values were overprinted "SHS/Croatia" and placed on sale on 18 November 1918, only a few weeks after
independence was declared. This issue was valid for postage until 14 April 1921.
overprints on a
_ )
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Zagreb Croatian Definitives 29 November 1918
9 May 1919
an a aus
First day cover of independence commemoratives.
Philatelic cover
4
with complete 7 ae .
second Croatian ee - (OD AOL 5? fv Ly 2A fp definitives. rf wh 3 EPLEME CE: OYE “
Lecpoewte peaetectiert
vey? f Aeagiel:
The first definitives for Croatia were issued on 29 November 1918 to commemorate the one month anniversary of the declaration of independence. Only one other set was issued. ten values for regular postage plus a 2 filir for newspapers on 15 January 1919. These were in use until new stamps for the entire Kingdom were issued in 1921.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Slovenian Mixed Franking
Ljubljana 28 February 1919
Trzic na Gorenjsrem 17 March 1919
Mixed franking with Austrian and Slovenian stamps on clipping from Hungarian parcel card.
abi rovatok ahs
fis Sé@ nist Sak i peekris
ja, illet¥e hely-!
g20 ‘lenyomata:
ET tayskoga. han Jesten
te , oes ike “7
e n n
n a e
SSE,
i Garni - .
See
Mixed franking of in . . , / Jt i Austrian and new ~ Seg Slovenian stamps
S on old Austrian ae oe ad, Slat,
parcel card. letzte Bost (Land)
‘ ah Rese ” hl
fi * SF wenn nce wc ccc aecnwcens TP eee seeeens- ” . in a ee msec te
—— a TP twee nnn ns ce eee enw ee ees TS secwwscoves oy . ~ 5 3 Summe Be seven b 4
[SSS ee
Considerable quantities of Austrian stamps remained in the Slovenian post offices at the end of the war. These issues remained valid for postage and many were used in combination with Slovenian stamps. As an aside.a total of 33 different values were overprinted "SHS/Slovenija/29 X 1918." However,due to a warehouse fire, only about 100 sets were salvaged and these had lost their gum due to water damage. so were never issued.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Ljubljana
12 June 1919 First Slovenian Definitives
a Velike Lasce I5 October 1919
sees =
"Chainbreakers"
used on censored
cover to Austria.
a
G2 ? a c
J
aps
as th e,
ra lj ee ly ..
1 s
de r!
¥ >
" A
»
“ g d
ws S e —
Oznaéenje posiljatve (paket, sea vreéa)
Higher values
used on parcel card to Bosnia.
Prejemnik
ew definitive set on 3 January 1919, with additional s. The low values all depicted a "chainbreaker" who
The Slovenians were able to issue the initial values of an values becoming available over the following three month symbolized independence from the Austro- Hungarian Monarchy.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Ljubljana
Second Slovenian Definitives 27 August 1920
Zagreb 30 January 192]
Onn abhore _ *
; .
gy PIO E = 8
Fa s
yar
KEe
| E s
Se f
J I e
fe
aig ht
Va in
Ee
METI NT ALN Wy SETA One
St New chainbreaker
WwW a postal card uprated : ma . ; . nv, ~. -Phe | for use to Italy.
= 2 oo ; Suge He kppo Shee: i Censored at Trieste.
Higher values used on parcel card to Serbia.
* : ‘
In June 1920, a currency change-over took place in which dinars (as used in Serbia) replaced old banknotes. This
required a new issue of stamps, which included a more stylized chainbreaker and a new portrait of King Peter.
St. Paul
13 June 1919
Maribor
16 July 1919
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Slovenian Military Mail
y
Ty N
IN a
Ou" ye
X
2 WO
De) &
Bae S o w
ed 1
Teg et
e =
“\ Bi
Fi :
Q
oO Q
« «=
M E S
St o
. ~
at co
& S
1 (
: k a
7
‘ AH.
7 M
7 2 V a d
‘ =
I tags
= :
y 2
L A v e
Pa, S o i n
, ,
; a
ned teh
a ned
ss _o
oi o w
“102 he
a i
TE ; F i n
PCO fa
if c h esrede
d a r
et) f r y
, o e
ime \
ba-t ; p o t e
a g e d
L a k e
t h a r
C16 Dat
i e ,
el. a
a n v l
Diitent CO
p s t a a d t
ine fit
he, t o l d
vr h|
¥, o l e ,
; dl, n a h
we c p u :
“eG, K e ,
ofa t b h
: ro
Z ~
Kies ‘
ded ageyr
Cuol 2
tiry !
+ f
*y ,
lle c
/, :
EN rtp
pe f
4 ‘
i RS
FUT eee
Cet t h e s
ak e d t .
re deuce
Ply |
d N
¢
2 7
= v f
, a r
/ f s
J L
. 7
5 A
Bs eC
A O L tet
yy ta fs
P l a n n
, 4,
% fr
dus F t p
fare
N S
C M d e r e , D a l e
apres o l a v e y
o n l
H e r e
H e b a l
es j “ a n e le
t th
hp OCA
168 a
dbrane rdtrid
hive fe
oT RhaB
Ue
R A C
Ne a p a
OE Mth
n e
ey C o t
2 Caster amg
AUB *S
“04 /
‘ a o
S T R J U B A L ]
WY} R I P U Y
“3S ‘ajadayy
jasof Svpi9A
j he
s was free of postage if an embers of the ist and 2nd ples above were sent by m
Military mail of the South Slav forces involved in the administration of liberated area appropriate unit cachet was applied as validation. Exam companies of the Maribor regiment.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Boundary Commission
js! 10 x BEM pp 1919 ‘Ss ; a
aw oS.
a T e
x
x: wh - x i
r
\ -
ey
aN
Bets Soe
Maribor 15 August 1920
Cover from a member of the Boundary Commission charged with establishing the new frontiers between Austria
and Slovenia under the Treaty of St. Germain. Mailed to Col. Bellot, the Director of the Army Geographic
Service in Paris, presumably with information for the updating of his maps.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Dalmatia Forerunner & Mixed Franking
x) 8 a)
4
z SY e 4 + Q i A A of OT Liv Wn crn 4 1}
apt, + =
ety O Hr =_
AH
Ye gen
IND
attung — Vrst — Oggetto Contenuto
Con y saoebhie
a oa . Sie AS . fe = =
Srogunnns {PD PRAL AMAL 3 6 we tae Mita
Vs Lap PO ONAL DBLOOLAL ALLA 1
1
trafe, Hausnum lica, kuéni broj
\ Zo aimless Pbecwtilia
may }
1a, numero di casa 2
etzte Post (Land) — a adnja posta pes “oe Itima posta (Provincia)
oh, BP
:@ stark umrahmten Teile sind vom Absender auszufiillen — PoSi obrubljene djelove — Gij spazi mareati vanno riempi
treare. .
SRE
5 5 aid i ee - C sewicht Postleitvermerk —Poétanska oznaka = PH -eZina puta — Avviamento 5 eso B=
] 29 wees 99 - 20s > be
2 bx
Summe i eer. Kh i d.sk.i, | Totaie f /
<-> SSS SSeS ISS ee SSS SSIS SEE IS SSE |
jac ima ispuniti debelo =
Ston 30 April 1919
Split 3 May 1919
Gruz 2 June 1919
Austrian stamps used as forerunners
on picture postcard to USA. Censored at Dubrovnik.
W I S S S S E L
ASS
S S S I s S =
2 we ag? — a b
e a d
SS T
The former Austrian Province of Dalmatia extended southeastward along the Adriatic Sea from near Fiume to Cattaro. Unlike most of the other areas annexed to the South Slav State. it did not issue any new stamps during the early SHS period but used those of the other provinces.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Sarajevo
Bosnian Forerunners 7 February 1919
Trnovo
5 March 1919
nee Ne Ep SET tn srt cern ne tem meters ne nentee cnn a 2am : .
Riper: eh
Dies
Bosnian 10 heller postal card mailed to Hungary. Note that the German inscription was removed from the postmark.
2a
nan J pnen
q 8 aS y
Unoverprinted Bosnian 8 heller
ro
postal card that \ ?
was uprated with m Atbnhl ee - Soe
2 heller Express : Wht
stamp and mailed to Bohemia.
Late
(Peet. ug Large quantities of stamps and postal stationery were found in the post offices of Bosnia~-Hercegovina when the
territory became part of the South Slav state. Those without the portrait of the Emperor were tolerated by the
SHS authorities during 1919 but most of the available supply was suitably overprinted before sale.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES
Bosnian Provisionals
Wye
BM tluerg avee £2 Mi Be
Beak wee =i Fee Bh seh
Sa &. . Sarajevo'l -
Bosnian 5 is PATCelL Card ——trseeeteeteeeeeteeeees EE... ANU...
showing provisional overprints on i pictorial and 900 (7tettrrrttresceesstennssatgesienancndh LAA LMA. LAA /
Emperor i Franz Josef Hbscmanasicsca) ee ermensneersvontttnnttet nnn sevens
portrait se stamps.
2 ese t -“
Bihac
4 March 1919
Sarajevo ) 15 July 1919
Old 8 heller postal card surcharged 10 heller and overprinted "S.H.S."
rds leg
Reauq zum Aufklebea : cM SOENR ST Ae
geri = PoStanske zabiljeZbe — Tomranere slg ubeade a ‘ { Porto ) ehh dae bsvsbuansmuayeaVereeaeces RK ie
flomtaputa } | Beitel agi
i Postarina
cette Peete ceca cece. : g | Zulammen ~ Ukupao
Yrynue
A total of 43 different stamps with appropriate overprints were issued in Bosnia, beginning on 11 November 1918
4
and continuing through the ensuing four months. As was true with regard to the other regional issues, these stamps were valid for postage throughout the liberated areas of the South Slav state.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Pazaric
Bosnian Definitives 23 March 1919
Brcko 19 August 1919
in PAZ: Rit,
= . - ~*
‘TS AZTODOR ae . _
> pei Sarajevo (Sosnien)
3
be en YONA CENZ:: " Old 8 heller postal card uprated by new 2 heller stamp and mailed to Austria.
\\.
peCts tae iat sed hist
es pas Mian Be
Ae “elove perp ad lef ewww FR, Pian
Anitre nish Aur aA a (an
Aetere * Ate A he 2 bay; fe) Phen ny
Picture postcard Lend Wee Land Pel eda fi
franked with mix
of new 10 heller j
and surcharged 5 ‘yh ALVOEN pA 1 tied i v “py
heller stamps and ZZ 2 Ly: I, K
f / Fayerece Uoeege, ae 04 ee
2A Ag: r
NY ile | im ee
Z
oh os
itd fide te be te Lest
mailed to Poland. Censor marking of Sarajevo.
| Haimatbilder’ wT -
1 LD Co. M. MS ki de Rethe Nerv 2180
‘ fuga? | Poe
The only definitive stamps issued by the SHS authorities in Bosnia was a reprinting of the 1913 newspaper
stamps depicting a Bosnian girl. However, the new issue was perforated and intended for use as regular postage.
In addition, the old imperforate stamps were surcharged with new values.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Banat-Bacska Forerunners
iN ED
BY
S i cy
a
Ra _>
. ee : Cs EES are bers,
FEET Ny cece opt BN 8 Vee, ae : aos m {2 ate . =
O F3 ee
Registered cover to Fiume franked with Royal
Hungarian stamps. Note Serbian censor marking of Novi Sad, the new Slavic name for Ujvidek. CNET RE re
Aj an lo tt
aR Following the armistice, the Serbian army advanced into southern Hungary Danube and Tisza Rivers) and the Banat (east of the Tisza). Temesvar, the
| : bs 2 we * : gt ‘ fo a, zr Se ge
Ujvidék 1 | += ae aD
479 =
Ujvidek 18 March 1919 29 March 1919
Even during the Serbian occupation, the Hungarian postal authorities continued to supply of stamps for use in this area until the Bolshevik takeover in Budapest during March 1919,
~~ ws Bate Rage
and occupied the Bacska (between the capital of the Banat was entered on 10 November 1918. This latter territory came into dispute with Romania, and was resolved with the eastern two- thirds of the Banat being transferred to the Romanians and Temesvar evacuated by the Serbs on 27 July 1919.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Bezdan
First & Second Banat-Bacska Provisionals 29 November 1919
7 Mae pte Re te
Temesvar
28 July 1919
Both values of
the first issue
surcharges used on cover to Zombor.
LEIPNIK MANO OKL. MERNOK
HITES TORVENYSZEK! SZAKERTO
MUSZAKI IRODAJA Temesvar-Belv , Agrarpalota tl. em.
R 2| Temesvar 1 |
LT. 1] 9188 ja |
The second issue
surcharges used on registered cover tO —is meee : Me peacoat
Bucharest. Note , Romanian censor 92000000 wrmeteetienceetees ee
marking.
Csendes Testvérek, Temesvar.
é
Once fresh supplies of stamps were no longer forthcoming from Budapest, the most widely used denominations
began to run out. As a result, the Banat district authorities issued surcharged 10 and 45 filler stamps (for regular
and registered letters) on 15 May 1919. Three additional surcharges were issued on 1 July 1919.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Temesvar Third Banat-Bacska Provisionals
28 July 1919
T e e y
po em
s
we ee”
First day cover (above) with
"Banat, Bacska" issue used in mixed franking with Hungarian stamps.
Cover with five
different values of
the Banat, Bacska
stamps used the
day after Serbia > 3 ‘ f o> withdrew from R € Temesvar J : Foote Pe ea Temesvar. ‘ “ LNo Let. AF] Me In the interim between the withdrawal of the Serbians and the arrival of the Romanians,on 28 July 1919 the Banat district authorities issued a new set of overprints reading “Banat, Bacska" for use in the territory. Although not strictly an issue under Serbian occupation, they are included here to maintain the historical perspective.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Perlak
Medjimurje Local Issue 4 February 1919 10 February 1919
2 nee ee ee coi | se . = aS
The old Hungarian postmarks and the registry labels were used until new supplies could be provided. (The Croatian name of the town would be Prelog.)
a
B e n n e
_ @
The Medjimurje territory was located between the Drava and Mura Rivers. After the armistice, it was occupied
by Croatian and Serbian troops and annexed to Croatia. Royal Hungarian stamps overprinted by hand under
local authority were issued on 22 December 1918. They remained in use until Croatian stamps became available.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Lendvavasarhely
Prekomurje Local Issues 12 August 1919
7 oo 7 oo a : — es Belatincz , ° ' 7 September 1919
i _ | _ a The Lendvavasarhely :
wo | (the Croatian name we was Dobrovnik) issue
of 10 August 1919. The overprint was applied alike to Royal Hungarian stamps, some of the Republic Overprints and some Republic definitives.
.- The Belatincz issue : (below) was issued on
% 12 August 1919 with "hig. "SHS" overprint.
be tt
e 8
ye
6.Fr njoKrizani ~ eee Sh olgc
eo ot
ee
Woe eae
Zrinskega o.5 *
re a | | Prekomurje (across the Mura) was located to the north of the Mura River. Under the terms the armistice, it remained a part of Hungary. However, following the collapse of the Bolshevik government in Budapest. Prekomurje was occupied by South Slav troops in August 1919
wp e o r m m e n r y r m e s
,
P h o t o b r o m t i r a “
Te me sv dé r.
g
Be an
ab y
‘ Nr ,
27 2
C N O B E H A L J A
| X P B A T A _ H
ma ol
a;
* no tl
we
AONMCHA KAPTA
a ee ao ne ene, “
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Bojna Posta Vr. 504 Military Datel, 23 April 1919
PR: See sony, armas eee Te = SE eR rm ER TR rR NE noe ee oe SS —~ *
2,3 = & ne. Sarajevo oes i yy ae 28 August 1919 ~ Rag y A } °
ae ad ESTAS Pe fo fh ie oe ; Murska Sobota Ye ye VN og / 18 February 1920 wy wk, ne ys Oop qv
EM OQ ~OnN4 UU
OS SS SOO A , NB 7k eo iif
\ Ve oat mf ff
. ,ee’ 4Oeler fe x sete Ghotecaw<cesuse<caenauupexeauwwucrne > al eas
Qd & esata ee ee
CPNCKOL PATHHKA
EAE) EAL hy
G0. Uh. Q Ll.
oO”
u : o $a es 3 : a mast 2 mS HS <Y aoe
- ae f Tre ee,
— nia
ae . Wiccan AES
~*S
Lie 3 ate Prete A: lbs Serbian and South Slav forces were active in most areas of the new nation. Above items show representative usage of Serb FPO and civil post offices, with all such mail being carried free of charge. Upper card from Temesvar in the Banat during the Serbian occupation. Middle card sent by a major from Bosnia to Hercegovina. Lower cover from 3rd machine gun battalion in the Prekomurje territory.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Occupation of Austria SHS Celovec
June 1919
Vojaski Postni Urad Celovec 22 June 1919
y e
t i e s
South Slav troops occupied areas of Carinthia in the period prior to the province, there was a Slovenian post office in Operation for just six provisional straight-line postmark w
plebiscite. In Klagenfurt. the capital of the
Celovec (Klagenfurt)."
weeks in June and July 1919. At first, a as used, tat it was later replaced with a cds reading "Military Post Office
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Velikovec
Occupation of Austria 3 September 1919 10 July 1920
BRAN S vw &§ S$ Qn F
ASP AP EA fi YP VN. BYES XS MS CF.
AY (oF Was & ( & CMAN AL FS DY PE Se WAS APY ¥ EF fy
SONY LN : 3 ‘. | Za) ge LNG ,e ¥ AS aes
& wt N } s AN A 38 ip
3 yal 8 ~ a t Ss ot
~ XN Se YF YX a at 4"
Yo A RS . \ ay
Was FEN * \ ASA by SUANAA 8 FNC SP Vg Ly plas poate bv th lta LUE,
AAR Vakie ey oe, a BASE APH QT S
ANEW HAYES 5 CS pL Pk PEAS : haha, AER 3
Nig mete AY Ae SS EAN a RR a v8 x K LOTS
NER 3 =
TT >
A =
rN
(ASvRERBA RE 5) URE | a
ae mis $8. PERLE a We +
SluZbeno. Another town occupied in South Carinthia prior to the plebiscite was Velikovec (Vélkermarkt). The Slovenians
introduced their own cancellation and stamps in the post office there. Shown are a picture postcard sent in the
civil mail to Ljubljana and a postcard sent by a Slovenian official free of postage.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Jezica Occupation of Austria 9 October 1920 Provisional Issue
Borovlje 10 October 1920
omnrercnmmdg MAR“ CXC: SOP AVA SITS
BaD aa
f hibel. Cte” Not to be outdone by the Austrians. the Slovenians also issued a set in September-October 1920 as propaganda for the plebiscite. These were overprints on newspaper stamps reading "KGCA 1920” (which was the abbreviation for Carinthian Plebiscite Zone A) and new values in para and dinara. They were used in the towns then occupied by South Slav forces. Examples of postmarks known to exhibitor are all dated between 2 and 2! October.
Velikovec
Vélkermarkt
9 May 1919
27 June 1919
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Occupation of Austria Military Mail
ee |
: ¥
O s
y
. 4
* ‘Ss
! N
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e e
f e s s
i n n .
a d e p S
a
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we
|
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nie )
| 4 .
y Dd,
6 O F
e n
of |
Enya Aaay
PVMarey ~
oon f o n ®
os |
% I |
o L p e y .
v o w
> £
@ K y e
a B-le-e a s
w e d A t o ,
p r e
p e e r ’ sali
2. a n t e
“ a
JO P e r t
ro v i e
. eo
d w
‘adie. e t e o h o t a GE
ag Be meen ree AY
| ge 76m
prope, hy
page - ireraerig
veg ye tng a r e a
amgar eore
Dar rh e e
Gy a s
I- i
T y n e m i t ‘ee
i? o b e p W h T R I E r h
a c a
a fe 6 pote, hg
enigtnt ongo9 N
i oo.
Eee pe
P o b r e 2 6 p r e C a m a s
i e
p o B a ,
A e t h i n
p a l a w i l e ;
U p p a w e ,
C h o e
a e
7 'P* ry eh fe.
0 w l e r i s g ,
ra 4
p h e w , c t , o y "
oe , &
l e e t y c c e g ,
Tee ’
si €
ey
J l o r o t a y p o
Cant t
mt :
=
e i
| 7 f r e e
“ e e -
e P A P I )
e / a
.
Soldiers’ mail from the South Slav forces operating in Carinthia prior to the plebiscite was free of postage if an appropriate unit cachet was applied, as shown above.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Puspoklak Occupation of Hungary 2 August 1919 First Baranya Provisionals
Villany ! 21 November 1919
Cover with three
different values of "Baranya 1919" stamps. Use from towns other than
the capital. Pecs. is unusual.
iS) sso | SEL ‘aap 0 AIC eevee) )
Ee big me
In addition to the areas which were annexed to the South Slav state, the Serbian army also occupied the County of Baranya in southern Hungary between the Tisza and Drava Rivers from 15 November 1918 to 20 August 1920. As in the Banat, Hungarian stamps were supplied until the Bolshevik takeover of Budapest. When supplies ran out. a set of overprints. some surcharged with new values, was prepared and placed on sale on 5 May 1919.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Pecs
Occupation of Hungary
Second Baranya Provisionals
10 January 1920
Uszog 23 February 1920
Felado neve :
allasa/ (foglaikozas
ice
RTE ae ae ge
Se SeEZO-LaP | AQ & eg é , i
Registered envelope as well as Lettercard showing uprating with semi-circular “Baranya” stamps.
PP L I L P I O L D O O C T
A L R P a
a
¥
sai ls
S S e S
SM a n e e p e e
aoe ated M. kir. AHami nyduas
‘
'
i t e a
“% 2.9 ae? ee
As supplies of the first overprints began to run short. a second series was authorized. In this case, the "Baranya"
overprint was semi-circular instead of horizontal and the "1919" was left off. All of these were surcharged with
new values. Both Baranya issues remained valid for postage until 21 August 1921.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES U.S.S. Olympia American Forces in Dalmatia 15 March 1919
Spalato 17 March 1919
WEL = aon ee
UW Ss; “a af cneno, *
OW te ge
tka snj ie tolne: &>
at del Dugtre, “4H
'
S S S S S S
191 3
G. A.
Me
After the Armistice, U.S.S. Olympia was assigned to patrol the Dalmatian Coast. Cover dates from this period. Picture postcard from a crewman from the ship was mailed in Spalato (Split) two days later. It was censored by the Italians at Zara.
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Postal Express Service No. 901 American Forces in Dalmatia 19 January 1919
26 February 1919 a is ie rm gt Serer me rt ce > re tet At ot ee SE TO a. ? es
Ree
mE Pvt. glenn 0. Gombe r, Pa rsonnel Office, end Bn. 322nd Inf,
- Cattaro,Dalmatia. AZY APO 901
S e e
st I
“MANS FIELD,
“OHTO, U.S eke
ake i \ oS . ‘ te Mats Boo cit aoe wae, Ate, alum Pied inst se utbeh oe
On 21 November 1918, the 2nd Battalion of the U.S. 332nd Infantry Regiment arrived at Cattaro. A small detachment (E Company) was sent to Zelenica, located 15 miles away and the site of an Austrian seaplane base. The American forces were withdrawn on 28 March 1919. While in Dalmatia, mail was sent to APO 901 in Milan for processing.
tol ewes tasers Susu Reto tne ale Reem on fines we
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Ljubljana French Forces in Slovenia 5 July 1919
11 February 1920
In the aftermath of the withdrawal of the Austro-Hungarian forces, French troops entered Slovenia. The above examples have similar unit markings of the commission operating the railway station in Ljubljana. The earlier version is inscribed "French Army in Hungary" and the later one "Army of the East."
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES Tresor et Postes 520D French Forces in Croatia 25 January 1919
7 June 1919
Tresor et Postes *_* 16 March 1919
EY CAI WYRE ERATE
I. IZDANJE: ZAGREB. Slo 3
a pr av a
pr id
rz i
1 Sv at
C Y 5
The French also were sent to Croatia. Field post office #520D was located in Zagreb at the time the above cards were mailed and remained in service until November 1919. Unit marking on the lower card inscribed "French Army in Hungary/Railway Station Commission.”
SERBS, CROATS & SLOVENES French Forces in Dalmatia
Meese ee ate ae
trceg Mert - thm tles sh Life, oe de XT = 19/8 . Dakmato.
. = here Maraine , cay. a
4 Ak eatin leh |e
waite tne fa Tok of
Vag. Etapes 22 5 January 1919
Tresor et Postes *_C*
28 July 1919
Sisak
October 1920
~ D o d 4 D
U D
y o u s
23
SST See
Wein Onisindse 2
ee 5a
rere Ue Selene.
| Pret 0h Bho -k@Q
-
Following the withdrawal of the Austrian forces, French troops entered Dalmatia. The Vaguemestres d’Etapes 22 (Regimental military mail office) marking was used at Kotor. Card from Split (probably sent via FPO 520C at Antivari) to an officer at FPO 511 at Itea. Cover is from Sisak, near the South Slav border with Italy.
4 ee
POLAND
On 11 November 1918 a Polish regency council assumed executive power in Warsaw with the surrender of the Germans. The former Austrian territories of Galicia and Silesia, sometimes known as "Little Poland,” became part of the independent Polish state. However, both areas were in dispute with their neighbors -- Ukraine and Romania in the first instance and Czechoslovakia in the latter -- so the final borders were unsettled for some time.
Lwow
oo 27 November 1918 Forerunners
Trzoiana
14 January 1919
Lwow (Lemberg), the
capital of Eastern Galicia, was occupied by Polish forces on 23 November after fierce fighting with bands of local Ukrainian partisans. Cover to New York has military censor marking of Lwow.
« POSTANWEISUNG ir PBS Seats Ay PRZEKAZ POCZTOWY: AS Er nue er TOUTQBUU Tea
w
B
Strafe, Hausnummer ulica iliczba domu yrtung i unearo Jouy
letzte Post (Land) ostatnia poczta (kraj) NOCIIHA DOTA (Rpaii)
Die stark umrahmten Rubriken sind vom Absender auszufiillen Silnie zakreslone rubryki ma wypeinié nadawca Cuwrbao O6Be{eui PYOPHEM KE RHNORUMTH BHCMAIAO THE
Annahmenummer Nr. przyjecia
qq, “AAD
Aufgabetag ast ionia
Bezirksstempel Piecze¢ okregu dyr. Teqarsa yap. vspyra
4 Unterschrift des
mmten
Podpis urzgdnixa
we pocztoweKo AN x a Tliznae nouTysoro
-\ 3 a ypmrmmeu sexi sae
) ag ; © s 2.
~ + a Ae f mh
ar A i <——_
The stamps of the Monarchy continued valid for postage in the former Austrian territories until 20 January 1919. Usage of forerunners, including postage due stamp used as regular franking. on money order form is unusual.
POLAND Tarnow Provisional Overprints Used in Galicia 31 January 1919
= nT a‘ Krakow ss 45 a a 10 October 1919
_——
Registered cover to Myslenice franked with two Krakow provisionals.
iielesrpig Ua. i
PONV Ane
Postal card with Krakow
overprint used to Zawiercie. Note that German name of
the city (Krakau) has been
excised.
The first stamps and postal stationery provided for Little Poland were imperial issues overprinted "Polish Posts." These were prepared in Krakow and issued on 10 January 1919.
c
c é ¢
€ c
R O N A N A R A A A A D S
S R A M A B H O R A R A A O A A M B A D A :
t 4
Registered cover to Usti philatelically franked with ten of the first definitive stamps.
POLAND Krakow First Definitives Used 11 March 1919 in Galicia & Silesia
Teschen - ook — oe 7 May 1919
cereceerreocecrererr rer rere rerr cre rer ece roe rr oO eoeeeersanoeaeeeerre ft rere rer ree e e _
c e c €
€ © © t c e e e ° e ° ° e e e e ° e e ° 2 e e e ® e e
e e
Lettercard with Krakow overprint uprated with mixed franking of first and second definitive stamps.
Krakau 1 Pa
| 4601 KRAKOW, 1.-
polecony t Skry tka pocztowa 98.- ee %
2 eer ae o
joel a Tt
Tesechen 1
498 fy
a a
The first stamps for Little Poland were also prepared in Krakow and issued during February 1919. They were valid for postage until 31 May 1919.
POLAND Lwow Second Definitives Used in Galicia 5 February 1920
19 October 1920
ao
nemueree Zecca ES
a ‘gm e
war a . = ae
Laas Ol
L, Singer strane a7
On 27 January 1919, the Poles issued a new definitive set for all of South Poland utilizing the Korona monetary system. This included not only Galicia and Silesia but also what had been the Austrian occupation zone in former Russian Poland. A similar set was issued in the Marka monetary area in North Poland, which was later used throughout Poland. These stamps were valid for postage until 15 June 1922.
POLAND
Local Issues
SO er Se IS ES AA LO CTO ge © . . ee Hee
$
Mielnica
3 January 1919
Myslenice 4 January 1919
Registered cover with 40 heller hand overprinted "Polish Posts" used to Lwow. Note that this post office had no datestamp at this time.
Registered cover below with three of the Myslenice "eagle" locals used to Warsaw.
Myslenice
——~ 309
3 a OS
As in other liberated territorie:. many towns improvised and overprinted Imperial stamps with Polish inscriptions or symbols. Most are very scarce on properly transmitted covers
POLAND
Local Issues
oe CHS ETS eee
ee
. Precis wat
Receipt for money order for 1000 korona. One of only two such pieces recorded.
a opis
Skalat
14 November 1919
17 November 1919
Cover franked with three of the Skalat local stamps of late 1919. A military cachet was applied in red.
In the fighting over eastern Galicia, the post office at Skalat -- a small town oniv 10 miles from the Ukrainian border -- ran out of normal Polish stamps. However, a provisional issue of overprints on old Austrian Imperial stamps was prepared and used for a brief period.
POLAND Przemys| Military Mail 8 January 1919
Krakow
27 January 1919
Mbsender:
x q om
“i PRodiljaé:. ~~. ~[Presentator:
Ce eitiels 7 o 3 . ch 7 . 4 Lwow a awed: : - .
tittene: | Feldpostko 13 June 1919 ‘£ Posiljatelfs 7 fe
BEE es
POCZT WOJSK POLSKICH. 7%
Do se
p S
4
ae
ye
1 grosz
1 i. Valarie,
P e e a E
ya p y
Ww .
e e N e
a e ¢
Sy ,
~
Us
“ >
| 2.
to x 2
S “xs . Alaliatings 4 Se 4 3 a
eg POCMS Neco. an | LS. , SS Zo eet| | SS Karta pocsty 4 teh S: = - _— ewe wy i= “| ' a c == j ‘ : =
) by
i} f
h Lf
/
we
tL V Y
- Rams hog 4 Ee L !
eee ao
a~K Field postcard sent by a / 4 member of the Knights of
LA OSEAN {| Malta Hospital Train C.
W f
th
sf X
i i L at py )
/
os
y = with the appropriate unit ded SK Dap ab {y cachet. %
AO es =
aA
: From the outset, the new borders between Poland and its neighbors -- Czechoslovakia, Germany, Russia and Ukraine -- were in dispute. The Polish-Ukrainian conflict was the most pressing, leading to the early formation of the Eastern Galicia Army. Mail sent by soldiers was not always postmarked and sometimes was cancelled with the datestamp of the nearest town.
POLAND Military Mail
q i | 1 {
iskepoeue &@ kh ko c de ‘ a a PSIG TE Bede gee pee pe Sede FE Pies . sha POW BEAR oe PR: 2 fsa 7} : eet G7 Syeet TERE ISS She 24°F = BE SPREE 3b a4 oad Sop , 2s. © ee ear et ral Ma 7845 HEE ae Os + ee ; ‘> ~ aS b 4 - =< => 5 ~ X
£ ? 4 : -
te BE MEY ’ gee. '
m2 9 he Hh &
= oe fi ar iF Wraaradien k es DrG.diw Lhd ee ath Ayloryy zastrzezdne
tn Vast Yibpaeth 0, op
Poo
4 { oT
“ m y
Haczelne Dowsdztao
Oddzial IV. Sekcja Lekarsk
Rew Sel’ te OD 2 vue = o* pa: “A d,
R. N.
D. No
554 28/
1V.
“Hesse Le rece te
i ~! Og
te =
o F
~ 2 4
{ >
Co e >)
v 4
o i s
Mo y
Cr !
y =
K A
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-
Poczta Polowa W.P. 12 28 February 1919
Fr. Gl. Poczta Polowa | 2 May 1919
Glowna Frontowa Poczta Polowa No Ila
22 October 1919
a
«| Warszawa.
lartdgarn OY so
Postal card above was sent from Army Base Post Office I at Przemys] to Switzerland, thus requiring payment of postage. Lower card sent from
ABPO II in Lwow.
The first Polish field post office (#12) was established at Lwow others for a total of 68. Of course, many of these were used inc not involve Galicia.
on 20 December 1918, followed in due course by onnection with the Polish-Soviet conflicts and did
POLAND Tresor et Postes *_*
French Military Mission 22 June 1919
Tresor et Postes 309
16 October 1919
Naki. J, Xatz, K-xkéw
~ Nr. 999/32
s > oor = s |
# S& =
Nicaea iether ar Ria te eebennteat
In the expectation of achieving independence for their homeland following the war, Polish volunteers fought on
the Western Front against the Germans. After the armistice, these units (accompanied by their French officers)
were transported home in April 1919. Above cards sent back to France from Krakow in western Galicia.
POLAND 10 July 1919
French Military Mission
Tresor et Postes *_* 7 September 1920
wey I eS — : . . Wydawaicingh Salone Malarzy Pai w paw :
oh
Field post cards sent by members of the French Military Mission from Brzezany and Lwow in eastern Galicia.
EASTERN SILESIA - POLISH
Based on an agreement which was signed on 28 July 1920, the Poles and Czechoslovaks divided the territories of
Teschen and Zips-Arva. The Czechs obtained somewhat more territory than they then occupied, and their army
advanced to take possession of the additional towns between 6 and 10 August. This brought to an end the dispute
over this area -- until it surfaced again in 1938.
Polish Provisionals Oderberg , 23 January 1919
'
a ora 4 ~? : Cane 7
~
Ee thus ba wes $ a ha SA Re RAMA 8 a oes + S585
ae
‘
l b
a
a a
ie s
4
S e
Y W ?
. vo
x a e
\
CA rRuXrouw ir
sass pcaesteescrasactacns sctspeeeseSitcsanisnctemsateg 3 NanisainAt, Ci ee
The Poles, who were in possession of much of the Teschen district at the time, introduced their own overprinted
stamps in early 1919.
EASTERN SILESIA Cieszyn Polish Definitives
19 May 1919 17 December 1919
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ca
| | |
FILIAL RF. TRESCHEN
Sy TA). | (Poctta POM POLSKA)
During 1919 the Poles introduced their normal definitive stamps, treating the Teschen district as a regular part of the republic.
EASTERN SILESIA Cieszyn
25 May 1920
S. O. Overprints 23 October 1920
Picture postcard showing
bridge over the Olsa River
at Teschen with tram
stopped at Czechoslovak
border post in foreground
and Polish frontier on the
north side of the river.
The Allied Control Commission took over the administration of the territory on 2 February 1920 and decided that
the protagonists should not use their own stamps in the disputed areas but issue special overprints reading "S$. O.
(Silesie Orientale) 1920." In the case of the Polish set, the date of issue was 15 April 1920.
EASTERN SILESIA Trzynietz S. O. Overprints
23 April 1920
Chybi Bahnhof 2 June 1920
| Reus
Covers showing international registration usage from small villages to Cologne and Vienna.
EASTERN SILESIA Bielitz/Osterr. Schles.
S. O. Overprints 20 August 1920
Bielsko na Slasku
15 December 1922
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iPOLSK XT. +
Che CR COC oe
ues ele rete ca -' 7 7g QEZTALApoczZTAl
a t a
aay
WYSYLAJAC: PtP
— ase ae : se, _ _ i eerbikbovul i : =
The Polish S.O. overprints lost their postal validity on 10 September 1920 after being in use for less than five
months and were replaced by normal Polish stamps.
EASTERN SILESIA Military Mail
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Polish forces sent to the disturbed area of Eastern Silesia were en unit cachets were applied. The above postcard was sent by amem FPO 28 located in Cieszyn (Teschen).
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Frontowa Poczta Polowa No.28 10 December 1920
s
titled to send mail free of postage if appropriate ber of the First Field Artillery Regiment through
EASTERN SILESIA Teschen
10 May 1920 14 July 1920
S. O. Overprints
International Commission
de la Silesie Orientale de I!’ Ouest.
Préfet | gore tae
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Mail from the Allied Commission is exceedingly elusive. Above envelopes show corner cards of the Prefect of
the Western District of the territory and that of the International Commission in Teschen.
On 1 November 1918 a Western Ukrainian N Galicia. However, on 23 November, Polish t confined to the extreme eastern portion of Ga Poland occupied this final portion of the
Forerunners
WESTERN UKRAINE
ational Republic was declared in the eastern and centra roops occupied Lviv (Lemberg, Lwow), so that the Ukrainians were licia around Stanislaviv (Stanislau, Stanislawow). On 16 July 1919, er Austrian territory, bringing the Republic to an end.
] portions of
form
Lviv November 1918
Kamianka Strumilova
20 March 1919
Lviv (Lemberg), the capital of Galicia, was in Ukrainian hands only during the first 22 days of November. Cover to Slovima with Austrian stamp and undated Lviv
cancellation.
Picture postcard to Vienna © age Se 3 >, =
with Cyrillic postmark of 223 ee Buk ee Kamianka Strumilova. 2 t c. Th = <e.
ha ES Egil Ey Se =e ad cy S, &
t Ss; * Ce FL - > a » o c = e sé Be 2 > a ° Sp ? Ss 3 . o *,> ~ g¢ - wa \ ~
tae -' wr $e > aw Allok \Yi- SP Ustaret ok FP Win 2 fF, SE eRLE eS eX e
oS + £F > "gx 6 a a ' i [ n* “ Et 7 $ . > - eS Wi rabergane 23.49 2 B® ens Tir, 2-3 _ —— es ne = + ie aan’ he 23 r — af ae < “2. ~ = Meret grep; |
The stamps of the Monarchy. whether ove Republic during its brief period of existence
rprinted or not. continued valid for postage in the Western Ukraine
WESTERN UKRAINE Stanislau
Provisional Overprints 21 November 1918
Kolomea
23 May 1919
Cover to Kalusz
franked with 20 aa
{-—F heller of the first Yo provisional set of
poowie or hand overprints. f
Registered cover with examples of stamps and special registry label of the second provisional overprints.
The first overprints for Western Ukraine were issued on 20 November 1918 and used for only two days. A
second set was sold starting on 12 December 1918 and included two special labels issued to pay the fees for local
and national registration.
WESTERN UKRAINE Stanislau Provisional Overprints
28 April 1919 17 May 1919
7 oo" HOTIBRA: = Mourozas kaptrowa. — Carte pos
Cover shown above franked with 6 sh.
value of third issue
as well as four
postage due stamps used as regular
th ea .. .”
r e e
Ba do pd na e
‘ 8 tag lea oO 3 PUSLase appl m “2 Yxpaincsxnit ‘ reverse. . 2 aprTucr-ma.1ap no ‘
o- Amppocili Haaxa. Sg ~
-& Mastoxxn 30 « XN : oa { oy KrpaiHebKx Ha- oe Patriotic postcard ee “s OF
of Ukraine franked . Peintre Ce . “i HI : - Amvrosij Jdaha. . . with 20 sh. value. Ilustrations!aux ~ ~e Mm
chants popuiaires = = -|* ~oucrainiens. a & 2
£ x 4 * i:
A ne Cee ee A third set of overprints with abbreviations for "Ukrainian National Republic Posts” and denominations in shahiv and hryvni was placed on sale on 18 March 1919.
WESTERN UKRAINE Stanislau
Provisional Overprints 13 May 1919
Registered local cover to franked with three stamps of the fourth provisionals.
Registered first day cover of the high values of the fourth provisional overprints.
-Stanislau 1.*- Ex ofo ":!
104
* # S gti -
The fourth provisionals were overprinted in Vienna with "Z.U.N.R.” and placed on sale on 8 May 1919 for most
values and 13 May for the high values. As with other Western Ukraine issues. they are unusually scarce on cover.
Valid for postage only until the Poles occupied the area on 16 July 1919.
Stanislau
21 March 1919 og S m Frank inian
WESTERN UKRAINE Ukra
ussea aa cane Setar 2d enon
t
Aba erie ee 3
AB Cees Tae
epee —ermemne ¢: st NS
fo Ra a Ae ae entre tt ee et ee tea shaw wate Deland
cnatent ne ag: rr: a
g
Li usage. da
s that stamps ve indicate
A very unusu
>) 1 An¢ rn ‘er show \ a
stage in Western eliverv co a
9
istered special accepted for p
g =
cin Kyiv were
&
epubli
Although not mentioned in the literature. the r of the Ukrainian Nationa! R
WESTERN UKRAINE Tsentr. Ust.
Ukrainian Military Post 26 August 1920
| Stavka A.
a * 5 15 October 1920
Cover postmarked at the "Tsentralni Ustanovi (Central Establishment),”
received 3 days later at Army HQ.
Registered cover (below) sent from "Stavka (HQ)" io Vienna.
In December 1919, the Red Army captured Kyiv and overran nearly the entire Ukraine. The government, under
Petlyura, retreated with the remnant of the army to Kamieniec Podolski and in April 1920 entered into an alliance
with Poland. On this basis. a courier field post service was established in eastern Galicia in August 1920.
primarily for the transmission of messages between the government in exile in Tarnow and army headquarters.
Ukrainian stamps were given appropriate overpririts. with ié different values being created. However. the Poles
and the Soviet government signed a peace agreement on 18 March 1921. ending independent Ukrainian activity.
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