Ottoman Forerunner Postmarks of the 20th Century
This web page contains links to the content of the exhibit pages for the exhibit
'Ottoman Forerunner Postmarks of the 20th Century' by Al Kugel.
This exhibit illustrates through contemporary postal material the decline and eventual collapse of the once-great Ottoman Empire in the first two decades of the 20th Century. It does this by showing a collection of postmarks used in former Ottoman territories that became independent or were annexed by other countries as a result of Turkey being on the losing side in three consecutive conflicts that occurred between 1911 and 1918. It should be viewed as a survey of examples of markings from as many different locations as feasible rather than trying to show all of the different types of markings from a limited number of places. It is organized both chronologically and geographically.
This exhibit was created by, and is the property of the late Al Kugel, and is being supplied by his heirs as a courtesy to the Military Postal History Society. (See the MPHS webpage) The Military Postal History Society (MPHS) is a non-profit organization for philatelists and stamp collectors interested in the collecting and studying of the postal aspects of all wars and military actions of all countries, including soldiers' campaign covers, naval mail, occupation and internment covers, patriotics, propaganda, V-mail, censorship and similar related material.
These exhibit page scans were made from black and white photocopies of the original exhibits.
The photocopy PDF files were re-scanned with the ocrmypdf program, which makes them fully text-searchable.
Those exhibits were created by Al Kugel many years ago, and are presented here for historical and research purposes. As far as the MPHS is aware, there are no color scans available of these older exhibit pages, nor for any of the illustrated postal history items.
This exhibit, created by the late Al Kugel, is made up of 10 frames, each frame containing 16 pages. Due to their size, each frame is available as a separate searchable PDF file. (See the PDF information page for additional help with this file format.)
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Updated 9 November 2024